Notices of Memoirs — R. Goss — On Tertiary Insects. 1G3 
to Ettingshausen, in the Cretaceous epoch, progressed continually 
throughout the Tertiaries, during which period was prepared the 
way for later and still greater divisions. With the dawn of the 
post-Tertiary, this differentiation was for the most part accomplished, 
and in Europe the tropical and Australian forms had been gradnally 
pushed out by those of our temperate zone. So says Ettingshausen. 
We cannot do better than conclude this notice by translating alraost 
verbatim the inferences which he draws at the conclusion of his 
paper from the facts we have been considering. They are as 
follows : 
1. All the present natural Eloras of the earth are connected 
together through the elements of the Tertiary Flora. 
2. The character of a natural Flora is determined by the raore 
pronounced development of some of the Flora-elements (the chief- 
elements). 
3. In the construction of the recent Floras the colla teral-elements 
have shared, as far as climatal conditions permitted. A mixture of 
plants has resulted, possessing characters foreign to the general 
Flora, sometimes present only in subordinate numbers, but some- 
times in such rieh masses that they appear distinctly characteristic. 
4. The representative species in the present phyto-regions are 
members, mutually corresponding one with another, of the same or 
similar Flora-elements. 
HOTICES MZEZMIOIDRS. 
L — The Insect-Fauna of the Tertiary Period. 
A T a meeting of the Brighton and Sussex Natural History Society, 
held on March 8th, at the Brighton Free Library and Museum, 
Mr. H. Goss, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc., communicated a paper on “The 
Insect Fauna of the Tertiary Period, and the British and Foreign 
formations in which Insect-remains have been detected.” Mr. Goss 
remarked on the neglect of Fossil Entomology in this country, and 
called attention to the importance of an acquaintauce with fossil 
insects, and the valnable conclusions which might be arrived at 
from their study, bearing upon the geological conditions of the earth 
during the respective periods of its existence. He also observed 
that the researches of Professor Heer had taught us that the study 
of insect-remains, and a comparison of the numerical proportion 
existing between the Carnivorous and Herbivorous species of any 
period with that existing at the present day, would afford a valuable 
clue to the state of the Vegetation and climate prevailing in former 
periods. 
After quoting Sir Charles Lyell as to the importance of an 
acquaintance with fossil insects, Mr. Goss reviewed the bibliography 
of the subject, beginning with Scheuchzer’s “ Herbarium dilurianum ” 
(published in 1700). He called special attention to the importance 
of Professor Heer’s great work “Die Insekten Fauna der Tertiiir- 
gebilde von (Eningen und von Badoboj in Croatien;” and to the 
