232 
Reviews — The Palceontographicnl Society. 
ave treated of togetlier), and the more frequent opportunities of 
finding tbera afforded by the disintegrated shaly wayboards, or 
partings, of the limestone, are also noticed. 
The “ Zoological Considerations,” of especial interest to the Rhizo- 
podist, comprise a critical review of von Reuss’ and Carpenter’s 
classifications of Foraminifera, and a general comparison of the 
generic forms knovvn in the Carboniferous strata with those now 
living. The conclusions arrived at are — Ist. The prevalent forms 
(except Fusulina) in the Carboniferous and Permian limestones do 
not belong strictly to either of the two sub-orders ( Imperforata and 
Perforata ) into which Foraminifera have been divided, but to inter- 
mediate types (especially Trocliammina, Valvulina, Endothyra, Nodo- 
sinella, and Stacheia), neither invariably arenaceous nor uniformly 
perforate in their shell-texture. 2nd. In the modifications of these 
primitive intermediate types there are some varieties conspicuously 
sandy and imperforate, others essentially hyaline and porous ; and 
these varietal peculiarities seem to have been transmitted as perma- 
nent characters, thereby originating the two parallel isomorphic 
series. 3rd. The porcellanous imperforate group ( Miliolida ) is of 
later creation, judgirjg from negative evidence. 4th. The Permian 
Rhizopod-fauna is much more limited than the Carboniferous, being 
confined to five generic types ( Trocliammina , Nodosinella, Nodosaria, 
Textularia, and Fusulina), representing, however, at least four dis- 
tinct families of Foraminifera, which in the Carboniferous rocks are 
represented by fifteen genera. 
In the “ Geological and Geographical ” section, Mr. Brady gives a 
catalogue of the localities from which, with the aid of many friends, 
he obtained the Foraminifera described and figured in this Mono- 
graph. The exact geological horizon is duly indicated, whenever 
ascertained. The North of England, Midland Counties and Wales, 
Bristol District, Scotland, Ireland, Belgium, Russia, and North 
America are the regions, subdivided into many districts, whence 
have come the 142 specimens of Carboniferous rocks, which yielded 
Foraminifera to Mr. H. B. Brady’s careful, and indeed laborious, 
examination. Yery many specimens of the Magnesian Limestone of 
England and Ireland, and the Zechstein and Kupferschiefer of 
Germany have been thoroughly searched by our indefatigable author 
for the Permian Foraminifers. 
The “ Bibliography,” pp. 51-55, comprises the titles and dates of 
the books and memoirs referred to in the Monograph ; they reach 
from 1826 to 1876. 
The following genera and species are described and figured. The 
plates have been exquisitely lithographed by A. T. Hollick after Mr. 
Brady’s drawings : — 
Saccammina, Sars. 
Carteri, Brady. 
Lituola, Lamarck. 
nautiloidea , Lamarck. 
Bennieana, nov. 
Haplophragmium, Reuss. 
rectum (Brady). 
Climacammina, Brady. 
antiqua, Brady. 
Trochammina, Parker & Jones. 
incerta (d’Orbigny). 
ccntrifuya, Brady. 
anceps, nov. 
annularis, nov. 
