237 
Geological Society of London. 
England only in Kent’s Hole. Numerous remains of tlie Pleistocene 
mammalia already recorded were found, together with a great 
number of implements of quartzite and flints, and two of clay iron- 
stone. The quartzite implements were most abundant in tbe lowest 
bed. 
In tbe other cave examined, tbe Church Hole, wbicb consists 
principally of a long fissure in tbe south side of tbe crags opposite 
Eobin Hood’s Cave, tbe succession of beds was nearly the same as 
in tbe latter. In the surface-soil near its mouth a fine bronze 
broocb was found. Some of tbe implements met. with in the cave- 
eartb were of great interest, and several of them were of bone. 
Bones of Bhinoceros were found in great abundance ; and tbose of 
tbe Mammoth, Horse, etc., were also plentiful. 
As tbe result of tbe exploration of tbese cavems, tbe author said 
it. is evident that during the Pleistocene period Derbyshire and the 
adjoining counties were inhabited by a very numerous and diversified 
fauna, tbe vast forests and pastures whicb extended far to tbe east 
and south offering a congenial bome to tbe Mammoth, the Woolly 
Rhinoceros, tbe Hippopotamus, tbe Irish Elk, tbe Eeindeer. tbe 
Bison, and tbe Horse, whilst among them the Hyaena, tbe Glutton, 
the Bear, the Lion, the Wolf, tbe Fox, and tbe great sabre-toothed 
Machairodus, roamed in search of prey ; and that with tbese and 
other animals man lived and waged a more or less precarious 
struggle, amidst the vicissitudes of a varying climate, sbeltering 
himself in the numerous caves of the district, wbicb were already 
the baunts of the bysena and its companions. 
3. “ On tbe Mammal-fauna of tbe Caves of Creswell Crags.” By 
Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.E.S., F.G.S. 
ln tliis paper the author gave an account of tbe remains found in 
tbe caves explored by the Eev. J. M. Mello. He stated that the 
recent explorations had proved that. tbe Eobin Hood Cave was 
inhabited by Hyaenas, not only during the deposition of tbe cave- 
eartb and breccia, but also during tbat of the red-sand clay under- 
lying it, wbicb had also furnisbed traces of the existence of man. 
An immense number of specimens were collected in this cavern, 
including bones of the following animals : — Machairodus latidens, 
Cave-Lion, Wild Cat, Leopard, Spotted Hvaena 0 , Fox 0 , Wolf, Bear, 
Eeindeer 0 , Irish Elk 0 , Bison 0 , Horse 0 , Woolly Rhinoceros 0 , 
Mammoth 0 , and Hare 0 ; tbose marked with 0 occumng in the 
red sand and clay as well as in tbe cave-earth, altbougb mucb more 
sparingly. Tbe traces of man consisted of more than 1000 imple- 
ments ; and, as before, tbose made of quartzite were generally found 
in the lower strata. Tbe most important indication of human 
bandiwork was the outline of the bead and fore-quarters of a horse, 
engraved upon tbe fragment of the rib of some animal. Among 
tbe animal-remains tbe most interesting discovery was tbat of a 
canine of Machairodus latidens ; it consisted of tbe sabre-shaped 
crown only, wbicb appeared to bave been purposely broken away 
from the root. 
Tbe superficial layer of eartb in tbe cave contained remains be- 
