278 J. S. Gardner — On Ettingshausen' 's Theory 
only being known). Besides Proteaceae, other not less distinctive 
plants are known, about tbe determination of wbicb theve can be no 
doubt ; tbese are branches and seeds of Casuarina and Exocarpus, 
brancbes of Leptomeria, fruit of Dodoncea and Pittospermum. In 
addition to tbese, twenty-seven other genera are enumerated, and a 
furtker list of ten genera resembling Australian forms ; but the 
determination of tbese is still open to doubt. 
Next in importance are tbe representatives of the Cape Flora, (no 
less sharply defined tban tbe Australian), wbicb is undoubtedly re- 
presented by Widdringtonia, tbe genera Pretea and Lencodendron, 
Euclea, Jloyeua, Cunoma, and the Celastrinece, the latter being espe- 
cially represented by numerous forms, closely resembling tbose now 
living. A list of twenty-tkree other genera is given, and tbe repre- 
sentation in European Tertiary Floras is so coinplete tbat but six 
distinctive families of tbe Cape Flora are not found, and tbese are 
of plants whose growtk is for tbe most part unfavourable to tbeir 
preservation as fossils. 
Tbe Central African Tropical Region (Sudangebiet) is repre- 
sented by tbe well-marked genera Gardenia and Boscia, and by ana- 
logues of specific forms peculiar to this region. 
Tropical Asia (Monsungebiet) is represented by a great assem- 
blage of species and genera. wbicb are noteworthy on account of 
tbeir wide distribution in the Tertiary strata ; tbese are Engelhardtia, 
Dalbergia, Ceesalpina, Pterospermum. [Twelve other characteristic 
genera are named, and 37 analogues of East Indian types.] 
Less in uumber, but of more striking form, and also widely dis- 
tributed in the Tertiaries, are the representatives of tbe Chino- 
Japanese region. Four characteristic species of Coniferae, Tlniopsis 
of Japan, Glyptoströbus and Cunninghamia of China, and Salisburia 
common to China and Japan ; Cinnamomum and Koelrmteria ; besides 
a kost of analogous species of Pinus, Podocarpus, Betula, Ulmus, and 
ten other not less important genera, represent this region in tbe 
Tertiary Flora. 
Steppe-region (Steppengebiet). The representatives of this region 
are by comparison only subordinate ; but tbree genera, now exelu- 
sively confined to it, are present, Planera, Parrotia, and Pterocarya ; 
but species are naet witb, analogous witb tbose characterizing tbe 
region, of eleven more widely distributed genera. 
Representatives of the Mediterranean and tbe temperate regions 
of tbe Eastem and Western Continents are the most numerous of all 
in tbe European Tertiary Floras. It is remarkable tha.t the more 
the Australian elements are present, the less in number tbese are, 
and vice versa tbe more these preponderate, tbe less tbe Australian 
elements seem to dominate. Thus in the Floras of Sotzka, Häring, 
and Monte Promina, the proportion of Australian forms is 1 in 3 ; 
in the Flora of Sagor and Kutscblin 1 in 6 ; of Radaboj and Leoben 
1 in 14 ; of Bilin 1 in 16 ; of (Eningen 1 in 30 ; and in tbe Pliocene 
Flora but 1 in 40. On tbe other band, we find 1 representative of 
tbe Mediterranean or Temperate regions in 11 or 12 in tbe Floras 
of Sotzka, Häring, and Monte Promina ; 1 in 7 at Sagor ; 1 in 6 at 
