32 G 
Reviews — Foraminifera of Belgium. 
remains of tliese two species kave also been found by Dr. Wekring 
near Westeregelt, associated witk tkose of Rkinoceros, Horse, 
Marmot, Lemming, etc. 
Split bones, worked fragments of korns, and flint implements 
were also found in tkis eave. The dolomitic detritus, keaped in 
form of a terrace before tke cave, is full of bone splinters and broken 
antlers of Reindeer, witkout any traces of kaving been gnawed by 
Hyamas. — Coxjnt M. 
I. — The Foraminifera of the Pliocene Beos of Belgium. By 
E. V anden Broeck and H. Miller. Part I. Geological 
and Pal.eontological Sketch of the Pliocene Dei*osi;ts of 
the Neighhourhood of Antwerp. By E. Yanden Broeck. 
Fase. i. The Lower Antwerp Sands, pp. 101. 8vo. 
(Brussels.) 
HIS important contribution to Belgian geology is endorsed 
“ Extracted from tke Annals of the Malacological Society of 
Belgium, vol. ix. 1874,” but was publislied separately late in 1876. 
It forme tke first instalment of a series of publications in course of 
preparation, constituting a monograph of tke Belgian Pliocene Fora- 
minifera. Tke second instalment is on tke eve of publication. 
Tke ckief points to whick tke author draws attention in tke 
portion before us are: — Ist. Tke conditions under wkich the Pliocene 
deposits of W. Europe were formed; and 2nd. Tke alterations wkicli 
tkose deposits kave subsequently undergone. 
Tke Miocene Period is unrepresented in tke Anglo-Belgian area 
by any deposit ; tke subsidence of tkat area initiating tke Pliocene 
Epock. Tke gulf tkus formed was partly occupied by mollusca, 
etc., migrating from tke Vienna Miocene Basin (then beginning to 
skallow) througk Silesia and N.W. Germany. 
Tke earliest deposit is characterized by Panopeea JlenarcU ; it is a 
slightly clayey sand, of a dark olive-green colour from tke abundance 
of glauconite grains. Tke fauna denötes water of 100 to 200 feet in 
depth, about two-tkirds being Gasteropods. Partly synckronous 
witk tke later beds of tkis zone are sands characterized by Pectun- 
culus pilosus, equally glauconitic but less clayey, and witk a littoral 
fauna, two-tkirds of wkick are Lamellibrancks. Of slightly later 
date are tke Gravelly Sands of Diest and Antwerp, completing tke 
Lower Sands of Antwerp, wkick kave no British equivalent except 
tke traces of questionable age on tke Kentish Downs. Tke synonymy 
of tkis part of tke series is treated at considerable lengtk by tke 
autkor, resulting in the following Condensed Statement : — 
Diestian System : Dumont, 1839 ; Dujardin, 1862 ; Dewalque, 1868. 
Lower or Black Crag : Lyell, 1852 ; Dewael, 1853. 
Diestian Sands : Dewalque, 1S68 ; Mourlon, 1873 ; Cogels, 1874. 
Black Antwerp and Edegkem Sands : Omalius d’Halloy, 1862. 
EEYIEWS. 
Lower Antwerp Sands. 
