340 Prof. Hilne — Across Enrope and Asia. 
The scale on wliicli so muck of tke masonry of tkis northern city 
kas been carried out only finds its counterpart in tkat of ancient 
Egypt — massiveness and grandeur are displayed everywhere. 
On tke lotk of tke montk, wkick was Sunday, I visited tke 
Museum of tke Academy of Sciences, my object being to see a 
skeleton of tke Mammotk, tke remains of Rytina Stellen, and some 
skulls of European Beavers. 
Tke first of tliese, tke Mammotk, I found, as I kad often seen it 
depicted, standing side by side witk tke skeleton and a stuffed 
specimen of its modern representative, tke Indian Elepkant. In 
tkese pictures it is skown as a large monster witk clubbed feet. Its 
relations look sensationally small, and tke people wko are regarding 
it still smaller. Tke clubbed feet are an inexplicable puzzle, and 
totally at variance with tke rest of its bony framework and tke toe- 
joints of its neigkbours. In reality I did not find tke imposing 
appearance wkick I kad anticipated from picture studies. Tke room 
in wkick tke skeleton kas been placed is one tkat, if tke creature were 
alive, it would find it, I believe, impossible to walk out of. It is 
neitker liigk nor broad, kas a dull gloomy appearance, and is piled 
up witk many otker remains. A lofty clear well-ligkted apartment 
would greatly kelp in giving visitors a conception of tke magnificent 
proportions of tkis ancient Elepkant. As it is, tkey are presented to 
tke framework of an animal so reared across a room tkat its tail 
almost touclies one wall and its kead tke otker. 
On several parts of the skeleton, especially about the skull and 
kind feet, integument is still existing. Tkere is also a covering on ' 
tke rigkt fore-foot, on wkick tkere is some tkick red kair more tkan 
two inclies long. . Tke left fore-limb, if I remember rigktly, and also 
tke corresponding kind-limb are botk cast from plaster, as also, I 
believe, many of tke ribs. Tkese feet, wkick kave been cast to 
Imitate tke rigkt fore-foot and its covering of integument, kave given 
tke club-footed appearance to tke skeleton wkick is so often drawn 
wiikout explanation. Several pieces of integument wkick belonged 
to tkis animal, from | of an inck to more tkan inckes in tkick- 
ness, are to be seen in tke room, and also a fore-foot covered 
witk skin kalf-way up tke leg. Tke kair witk wkick tkis creature 
was covered was like long red korse-kair. Altkougk I subsequently 
•savv many specimens of tke integument of Mammotk covered witk 
kair, I never saw any specimens witk wool on tkem, such as are 
sometimes spoken of in books. Tke tusks seem to kave belonged to 
anotker individual tkan to tke one to wkick tkey are now attacked, 
because the stumps to wkick they are joined are of muck larger 
diameter tkan tke tusks 1 themselves. Tkis specimen is one wkick 
was discovered on tke banks of tke Lena in 1799. 
Tke tusks wkick are supplied in such large quantities to tke 
London market, to be used as ivory, come ckieflv from tke shores of 
tke White Sea and tke entrance to tke River Petckora, wkere, as 
1 See a sitnilar Statement, mnde on the authoiity of ?rof. Maskelyne, Geol. Mag. 
18C8, Vol. V. p. ölt, ui an articlu on the curvature of the tusks of the Mammotk. 
