346 
J. R. Dakyns — Geology of the West Riding. 
other insects were taking advantage of a few gleams of sunskine, and 
I had great sport amongst them. * 
The current of the Kama is a little more rapid than the Yolga, and 
here. with the wind blowing against it, it was curled up and flecked 
with patches of white foam. Our repairs being ended, we started 
up the Kama. We had, however, not been very long afloat, when, 
through running on a Sandbank, our macliinery again gave out, and 
we were detained for the remainder of the night. Next day we 
were again afloat. Upon our westem side an occasional red cliff 
was to be seen, whilst nearer to the river brownish earthy banks 
were well marked with lines which showed the height to which the 
water sometimes rises. 
Düring our second evening on this river an immense number of 
delicate white ephemeral-looking flies feil upon our deck and into 
the water. These were so thick in places that they fringed the 
windward shore of the river with a white line. On the Dneiper a 
somewhat similar fly sometimes occurs in such quantities that the 
fishermen light fires to attract them. The creatures, whilst hovering 
round the light, get their wings singed, and fall down on and round 
the fire like snow. They are then swept together, mixed with clay, 
and used for ground bait. 
A passenger on board, a man apparently of some intelligenee, told 
me that mineral coal had been found on the Kama near Piani-Yor. 
If this is proved to be correct, it will not only give a new loeality 
for the mineral, but also another point for the outcrop of the 
Carboniferous formation. In the Kama there are a few low islands, 
which take the place of the sands I saw upon the Yolga. With 
this exception, I do not think that there is any choice, as far as 
picturesqueness is concerned, between the two. As a whole, they 
are both flat and dull. As we progressed upwards, we saw some 
pleasant upland slopes chequered over with square plots of cultiva- 
tion. In outline these hills are not unlike our downs, but they are 
perkaps more furrowed by the small streams which cut through the 
soft red Permian strata of which they are composed. The shore is 
every where slippery and muddy. As we neared Perm, we had upon our 
Western side high sloping hills of red earth bounded with white rock. 
On the afternoon of Thursday, September 3rd, we came in sight 
of Perm, and in the afternoon we landed, after a wearisome eight 
days’ steamiug along two rivers, which, for flatness and monotony, 
would rival, I think, any in Europe. 
( To be continued in our next Number.) 
II.— A Sketch of the Geology of Keighley, Skipton, and 
Grassington . 1 
By J. R. Dakyns, M.A., of H.M. Geological Survey. 
I N Derbyshire the Millstone-grit series consists of four or fixe well- 
marked grits, separated by sbales, viz. the so-called first or 
topmost grit, named, from its coarse character, the rough rock ; 
1 Originally read ^vith the Director’s pennissioii before the British Association at 
Bradford, but not heretofore published. 
