347 
J. R. Dahjns — Geology of the West Riding. 
the second grit, whicli is generally a flagstone ; the third grit, a 
bold, well-jointed rock ; and lastly, the Kinder Scout grit, which 
sometimes consists of two beds. In advancing northwards this 
type undergoes considerable changes ; the second grit becomes 
raerely a basement bed to the rough rock, not always separable 
therefrom ; the third grit loses its massive character, and other 
beds of sandstone begin to show themselves amid the shales over- 
lying the Kinder Scout grit. When one reaches the valley of the 
Colne, four separate sandstones have developed themselves between 
the rough rock (locally known as the sand rock) and the recog- 
nized Kinder Scout grit. This type prevails also in the valley 
of the Yorksliire Calder ; but. is not to be found on Crossing the 
watershed into the basin of the Aire. There the series consists in 
descending Order, first of the rough rock, which throughout maintains 
its usual marked character tili it is buried beneath the Permian ; 
secondly, of a very variable basement bed to the last, consisting, 
when well developed, of valuable flagstones. These are extensively 
quarried at Nab, äbove Oxenhope Moor ; and also in an outlier at 
the Penistone quarries, near Haworth. Below this bed comes a 
fresh series of variable sandstones and shales. There may be in 
places as many as fifteen or sixteen distinct sandstones below the 
basement of the rough rock and the regulär Kinder Scout grit. But 
this set of beds may conveniently be divided into two by means of a 
conspicuousgrit which is continnous with the third grit of Lancashire. 
This grit forms the bold escarpment of Hallan Hill and Earl Crag, 
so eonspicuous with Wainman’s monument on its crest, as seen from 
the railway between Keighley and Skipton. We may conveniently 
speak of it as the middle grit. It generally has three grits between 
it and the base of the rough rock ; these four beds are presumably 
the four grits of the Calder and Colne valleys mentioned above. I 
will now briefly point out the general run of the beds in the basin of 
the Aire. The rough rock runs in a nearly unbroken manner from 
the latitude of Penistone, and enters the basin of the Aire above 
Oxenhope Moor ; its basement flags form the lofty escarpment of 
Nab, whence may be had a glorious view of the northem felis from 
Ingleborough on the west to Great Whernside on the east. 
A large fault, ranging across Thornton Moor in a W.N.W. direc- 
tion, throws down the Coal-measures of Denholme on the north, 
from beneath which the rough rock rises to form Black Moor and 
Brow Moor. Another W.N.W. fault throws the beds up again near 
Cullingworth, so that Harden Moor, between Bingley and Keighley, 
consists of an outlier of rough rock, while various members of the 
third grit series ocoupy the flanks of the hill. West of the river 
Worth the rough rock forms, with a dip slope, the wide expanse of 
Keighley Moor ; but at Exley Head another W.N.W. fault throws 
up the beds to the north, so that an outlier of rough rock forms the 
hill on which is situated Keighley tarn. Going N.W. from the town 
we pass successively over the various members of the third grit 
series. The middle grit can clearly be traced by its massive cha- 
racter running down to the valley south of Hawkcliff Cottage ; it 
