348 J. R. Dakyns — Geology of the West Riding. 
ascencls on the north side of the Aire, somewhat broken by faults, 
and forms Brunthwaite Crag ; is thrown up by a W.N.W. fault to 
form White Crag, and again in the escarpment of Addingham 
High Moor. It is this rock which forms the well-knovvn Brimham 
Rock near Pateley Bridge. Below the escarpment of the middle 
grit there is no conspicuous rock south of the Aire ; but on the north 
of that river several beds of sandstone appear, one of which becomes 
important further north as the hard siliceous grit with ganister, 
which forms the summit of Great Whernside. Owing to the number 
of sandstones that now have come in, it is somewhat uncertain what 
ought to be taken as the top of the Kinder Scout grit, though there 
is no doubt about the main mass of the bed. This well-marked, 
coarse, and massive grit is brought in by a W.N.W. fault (south of 
the river Aire), which is remarkable as one of the few instances in 
which galena bas been found away from the limestone area. North 
of the Aire the Kinder Scout grit rises up regularly from beneath 
the overlying beds at Kildwick. Near Cononley a N.E. fault throws 
down the beds on the N.W., so that the upper part of the Kinder 
Scout grit is again found in the valley. The bed here consists 
generally of three separate rocks. It is immediately underlain by a 
thick but variable set of sandstones, with shale partings, which have 
hitlierto been styled Yoredale grits ; but this is a very bad and 
misleading term, as the beds are merely the basement part of the 
Kinder Scout grit, from which they cannot always be separated 
without forcing ; and, moreover, these grits are nowhere, that I 
know of, found in Yoredale. Beneath these are found, at Skipton, 
shales and limestones, a narrow band of contorted limestone, forming 
the crest of au anticlinal, appearing between the road and railway 
about half a mile south of Skipton. The strike of the beds hitlierto 
described is generally N.E. and S.W., the dip increasing as we go 
westward ; but about the latitude of Skipton the beds bend round 
so as to strike nearly E. and W., with a dip of 20 deg. to the south 
along Skipton Moor. In fact, the country between the latitudes of 
Skipton and Grassington has been much disturbed and thrown into 
a series of east and west rolls. Thus a strong anticlinal ranges 
down the Skibeden Valley from Skiptou to Bolton Abbey, with a 
steady dip to the north, and many minor folds on the south. The 
etfect of this is that a mass of Mountain Limestone forming the green 
boss known as the Haw Park bas been brought up in the Skibeden 
Valley between two ranges of Millstone-grit Hills, viz. Skipton 
Moor on the south, and Embsay Moor on the north. The Mountain 
Limestone here is a dark thin-bedded limestone. It is extensively 
quarried for road material both at Haw Bank and also at Thornton, 
where similar beds are found. Either of these quarries is well 
worth a visit. The beds are much faulted and contorted, particularly 
along the south side of Skibeden Valley ; good instances of contor- 
tion are to be seen at Draughton and the Wheelam Rock quarries, as 
also at the Hambleton Rock quarry, near Bolton Bridge ; an excel- 
lent section of contorted beds is also to be seen in Haiton Gill. The 
strike of the beds of Mountain Limestone seems to indicate that tlicy 
