Prof. Milne — Across Europe and Ada. 
393 
(Listwenite). This strikes nortli ancl south parallel to the adjacent 
Urals, towards which it also dips. It is very much, , broken, very 
ferruginous, soft, and generally irregulär in its ckaracter. In one 
direction it appears to merge into a kind of Serpentine. Inter- 
stratified, so to speak, or at all events running parallel with the 
strike of the talcose schists, are bands or dyke-like masses of a 
granitic rock, containing but little rnica, called beresite. 
These bands vaiy from 28 to 180 feet in breadth. An average 
breadtb is about 80 feet. As tbey descend, tbey become denser and 
narrower. In one shaft that I descended, which was sunlc altogether 
in this rock, I bad a fair opportunity of seeing its various eharacters. 
Near the surface it commenced with its usual appearance of a white 
clay, which clay I was told was used for rnaking fire-briclcs ; deeper 
down, however, it appeared as a compact grey rock, which, owing 
to its non-splintery character, had been finished off with as smooth 
a surface as that of an ordinary brick wall. These bands of beresite 
apparently occur in great numbers, and in the neighbourhood of 
Beresovsk 157 have already been discovered. Sixteen of these are 
within the distance of six or seven versts as measured across their 
strike. These, with the exception of three, which run east and 
west, preserve a north and south course parallel with the adjacent 
Urals. 
At right angles to these bands of beresite, and also to the talcose 
schists, there are numbers of quartz veins, and it is in these latter 
that the gold is found. These veins are generally from three to 
seven inches in thickness, but in places they have reached a thick- 
ness of more than three feet. Like the beresite veins they traverse, 
they often thin out in going downwards. Their strike, which is 
generally east and west, is apt to vary, and two or more of them 
will intersect to form a pocket. Sometimes several small veins, 
which at the surface appear as mere streaks, are found, as they 
descend, to unite together to form a solid course. Some of these veins 
have been traced to depths of nearly 500 feet. In looking at a plan 
of a portion of the workings, I counted thirty-seven quartz veins all 
Crossing a strip of beresite not more than eighteeu Bussian fathoms 
(126 feet) in length, and in another plan I saw seventeen veins 
Crossing a vein of similar length. In such places as these the 
quartz veins are of course very near to each other, but there are 
places where they are as much as 40 fathoms (280 feet) apart. 
These veins are either vertical or eise dip steeply towards the north. 
They are often strongly coloured with oxide of iron. In places they 
contain a little galena, and occasionally a few specks of copper 
pyrites. It has been observed that the lodes are rieh at those places 
where they cross each other, where they are much stained with 
oxide of iron, or contain the above minerals, and when they do not 
remain altogether in the beresite, but ent through into the rock 
on either side. On the other hand, where the veins or lodes are 
confined to the beresite, when they are flat, that is, do not dip 
almost vertically, and as a rule as they descend in depth, they 
are usually observed to yield but little gold. Up to the date of 
