Scction C. — Address by Mr. W. Pengelly, President. 421 
about 90 feet from N.N.E. to S.S.W. It commenced at about 8 feet 
below the surface of the plateau, continued thence to the base of the cliff', 
but how much further was not known, and its ascertained height was 
about 52 feet. It was 2 feet wide at top, whence it gradually widened 
to 10 feet at bottom. The roof, judging from that part which had not 
been destroyed, was a mass of limestone-breccia, made up of large angular 
fragments, cemented with carbonate of lirne, and requiring to be blasted 
as much as ordinary limestone. The Cavern was completely filled with 
deposits of various kinds. 
The uppermost 8 feet consisted of loose angular pieces of limestone, 
none of which exceeded 101b. in weight, mixed with a comparatively small 
amount of such sand as is common in dolomitized limestone districts, but 
without a trace of Stalagmite or fossil of any kind. The 32 feet next 
below were occupied with similar materials, with the addition of a con- 
siderable quantity of tough, dark, unctuous clay. Between this mass and 
the outer wall of the cavern was a nearly vertical plate of Stalagmite, 
usually about 2 feet thick, and containing, at by no means wide intervals, 
firmly cemented masses of breccia identical in composition with the 
adjacent bed just mentioned. The bones the caverns yielded were all 
found within these 32 feet ; and were met with equally in the loose and 
the coherent breccia, as well as in the Stalagmite. A somewhat consider- 
able number of ellipsoidal balls of clay, from 1-5 to 2 - 5 inches in greatest 
diameter, occurred in the clay of this bone-bed, but not elsewhere. Still 
lower was a mass of dark, tough, unctuous clay, containing a very few, 
small, angular stones, but otherwise perfectly homogeneous, and known to 
be 12 feet deep, but how much more was undetermined. 
The osseous remains found at Oreston prior to 1858 have been described 
by Sir E. Home, Mr. Cliffc, Dr. Buckland, Professor Owen, Mr. Busk, and 
others. The animals represented were Ursus priscus, U. spelevus, 
Weasel (?), Wolf, Fox, Cave Hysena, Cave Lion, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, 
Equus fossilis. E. plicidens, Asinus fossilis, Bison minor, Bos longifrons, 
and, according to the late Mr. Bellamy, Mammoth and Hippopotamus 
(see Nat. Hist, of S. Devon, 1839, p. 82). With regard to Hippopota- 
mus, I can only say that I have never met with satisfactory e vielen ce 
of its occurrence in Devonshire ; but the Mammoth was certainly found 
at Oreston in 1858 ; and, unless I am greatly in error, remains of Rhino- 
ceros tichorhinus were also met with then, and lodged by me in the British 
Museum. It may be added that the skull and other relics of Hog were 
exhumed on that occasion, and now belong to my collection. There was 
nothiug to suggest that the cavern had been the home of the Hy siena ; and 
whilst I fully accept Dr. Buckland’s opinion that the animals had fallen 
into the open fissures and there perished, and that the remains had sub- 
sequently been washed thence into the lower vaultings (Reliq. Dil. 2nd ed. 
1834, p. 78), I venture to add that some of the animals may have retired 
thither to die ; a few may have been dragged or pursued there by beasts 
of prey ; whilst rains, such as are not quite unknown in Devonshire in the 
present day, probably washed in some of the bones of such as died near at 
hand on the adjacent plateau. Nothing appears to have been met with 
suggestive of human visits. 
Kent's Hole. — About a mile due east from Torquay harbour and half a 
mile north from Torbay, there is a small wooded limestone hill, the eastern 
side of which is, for the uppermost 30 feet, a vertical cliff, having at its 
base, and 54 feet apart, two apertures leading into one and the same vast 
cavity in the interior of the hill, and known as Kent’s Hole or Cavern. 
These openings are about 200 feet above mean sea-level, and from them 
the hill slopes rapidly to the valley at its foot, at a level of from 60 to 70 
feet below. 
