428 Reports and Proceedings — British Association — 
2 feet in greatest thickness, and at its base 123 feet above sea-level. In 
tke face of it lay several fine relics of the ordinary Cave Mammals, includ- 
ing an entire leffi lower jaw of Hycena spelcea replete with teeth, but whicli 
had nevertheless failed to arrest tlie attention of the incurious workmen 
who exposed it, or of any one eise. 
Soon after the resumption of the work in 1861, the remnant of the outer 
wall of the fissure was removed, and caused the fall of an incoherent part 
of the dyke, which it had previously supported. Amongst the döbris the 
workmen collected some hundreds of specimens of skulls, jaws, teeth, 
vertebrae, portions of antlers, and bones, but no indications of Man. Mr. 
Wolston, the proprietor, sent some of the choicest specimens to the 
British Museum, and submitted the remainder to Mr. Ayshford Sanford, 
F G.S., from whom I learn that the principal portion of them are relics of 
the Cave Hytena, from the unborn whelp to very aged animals. With 
them, however, were remains of Bear, Reindeer, Öx, Hare, Arvicola rat- 
ticeps, A. agrestis, Wolf, Fox, and part of a single maxillary with teeth not 
distinguishable from those of Canis isatis. To this list I may add Rliino- 
ceros, of which Mr. Wolston showed me at least one bone. 
From the foregoing undesirably, but unavoidably, brief descriptions, it 
will be seen that the Devonshire Caverns, to which attention has beeil 
now directed, belong to two classes, — those of Oreston, the Ash-Hole, and 
Bench being Fissure Caves ; whilst those of Yealm Bridge, Windinill Hill 
at Brixham, Kent’s Hole, and Ansty’s Cove are Tunnel Caves. 
Windmill Hill and Kent’s Hole Caverns have alone been satisfactorily 
explored ; and besides them none have yielded evidence of the contem- 
poraneity of Man with the extinct Cave Mammals. 
Oreston is distinguished as the only kuown British Cavern which has 
yielded remains of Rhinoceros leptorkinus (Q. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxvi. p. 456). 
Yealm Bridge Cavern, if we may accept Mr. Bellamy’s identification 
in 1835, was the first in this country in which relics of Glutton were 
found (South Devon Monthly Museum, vi. pp. 218-223 ; see also Nat. 
Hist. S Devon, 1839, p. 89). The same species was found in the Caves 
of Somerset and Glamorgan in 1865 (Pleist. Mam., Pal. Soc. pp. xxi, xxii>, 
in Kent’s Hole in 1869 (Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1869, p. 207), and near Pias 
Heaton, in North Wales, 1870 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxvii. p. 407). 
Kent’s Hole is the only kuown British Cave which has afforded remains 
of Beaver (Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1869, p. 208), and, up to the present year, 
the only one in which the remains of Machairodits latidens had been met 
with. Indeed, Mr. MacEnery’s Statement, that he found in 1826 five 
canines and one incisor of this species in the famous Torquay Cavern, was 
held by many palaeontologists to be so very remarkable as, at least, to 
approach the incredible, until the Committee now engaged in the ex- 
ploration exhumed, in 1872, an incisor of the same species, and thereby 
confirmed the announcement made by their distinguished predecessor 
nearly half a Century before (Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1872, p. 46). In April last 
(1877) the Rev. J. M. Mello was able to inform the Geological Society of 
London that Derbyshire had shared with Devon the honour of having 
been a liome of Machairodus latidens, he having found its canine tooth in 
Robin Hood Cave in that county, and that there, as in Kent’s Hole, it was 
commingled with remains of the Cave Hyaena and liis contemporaries 
(Abs. Proc. Geol. Soc. No. 334, pp. 3, 4). 
The Ash Hole, as we have already seen, affords the first good evidence of 
a British Reindeer. 
In looking at the published Reports ou the two famous Torbay Caverns, 
it will be found that they have certain points of resemblauce as well as 
some of dissimilarity : — 
Ist. The lowest kuown bed in each is composed of materials which, 
