430 
Reports and Proceedings — British Association. 
and this is fully confirmed by their unpolished tools of flint and cbert. 
That they were prior to the deposition of even the oldest part of the Peat 
Bogs of Dentnark, with their successive layers of Beech, Pedunculated 
Oak, Sessile Oak, and Scotch Fir, we learn from the facts that even the 
lowest zone of the bogs has yielded no bones of mammals but those of 
recent species, and no tools but those of Neolithic type ; whilst even the 
Granulär Stalagmite, the uppermost of the Hyaenine beds in Kent’s Hole, 
has afforded relics of Mammoth, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cave Bear, and 
Cave Hyaena. ^ 
That the men of the Cave Breccia, or Ursine period, towhom we now 
turn, were of still higher antiquity, is obvious from the geological position 
of their industrial remains. That the two races of Troglodytes were 
separated by a wide interval of time we learn from the Crystalline Stalag- 
mite, sometimes 12 feet thick, laid down after the deposition of the « 
Breccia had ceased, and before the introduction of the Cave-earth had 
begun, as well as from the entire change in the materials composing the 
two deposits. But, perhaps, the fact which most emphatically indicates 
the chronological value of this interval is the difference in the faunas. In 
the Cave-earth, as already stated, the remains of the Hyaena greatly 
exceed in number those of any other marnmal ; and it may be added that 
he is also disclosed by almost every relic of his contemporaries — their 
jaws liave, through his agency, lost their condyles and lower borders 
their bones are fractured after a fashion known by experiment to be his ; 
and the Splinters into which they are broken are deeply scored with his 
teeth-marks. His presence is also attested by the abundance of his 
droppings in every brauch of the Cavern. In short, Kent’s Hole was one 
of his homes; he dragged thither, piecemeal, such animals as he found 
dead near it ; and the well-known habits of his representatives of our day 
have led us to expect all this from him. Wheu, however, we turn to the 
Breccia, a very different spectacle awaits us. We meet with no trace 
whatever of his presence, not a jsingle relic of his skeleton, not a bone on 
which he has operated, not a coprolite to mark as much as a visit. Can 
it be doubted that had he then occupied our country he woukl have taken 
up his abode in our Cavern? Need we hesitate to regard this entire 
absence of all traces of so decided a cave-dweller as a proof that he had 
not yet made his advent in Britain ? Are we not compelled to believe 
that Man formed part of the Devonshire fauna long before the Hyaena 
did ? Is there any method of escaping the conclusion that between the 
era of the Breccia and that of the Cave-earth it was possible for the 
Hyaena to reach Britain ? — in other words, that the last Continental state 
of our country occurred during that interval? I confess that, in the 
present state of the evidence, I see no escape ; and that the conclusion 
thus forced on me compels me to believe also that the earliest men of 
Kent’s Hole were interglacial, if not preglacial. 
The following Table will serve to show at one view the co-ordinations 
and theoretical conclusions to which the facts of Kent’s Cavern have led 
me, as stated briefly in the foregoing remarks. The Table, it will be seen, 
consists of two Divisions, separated with double vertical lines. The first, 
or left band, Division contains three columns, and relates exclusively to 
Kent’s Cavern, as is indicated by the words heading it. The second, 
or right hand, Division is of a more general character, and sliows the 
recognized Classification of well-known facts throughout Western Europe. 
The horizontal lines are intended to convey the idea of more or less well- 
defined chronological horizons ; and their occasional continuity through 
two or more columns denotes contemporaneity. Thus, to take an example 
from the two columns headed “ Archaeological ” and “ Dauish-Bog,” in 
the second Division : the horizontal line passing continuously through 
