452 Horace B. Woodicard — Notes on the Devonian Bocks. 
While I wonld not for a moment suggest that an accurate parallel 
of the strata could be made on litbological any more tban on palaeon- 
tological grounds alone, yet we cannot overlook the resemblances. 
It cannot be doubted, bowever, tbat we raust be guided by tbe 
stratigraph ical facts, and most important is the relation tbat tbe 
Devonian Limestone bears to the Culm-Measures above. 
While I bave indicated the facts of tbe succession in tbe strata 
near Newton Abbot and Torquay, there are many places wbere tbe 
relations of slates and limestones are not clear. 
The raass of limestone tbat extends from Lyndridge to near 
Ivingsteignton dips to tbe soutb-east at angles of frora 20° to 30°. 
Tbe boundary-line witb tbe Culra-raeasures to tbe north runs along 
the bottora of tbe valley, and no junction sections are to be seen. 
The same is tbe case south of Ideford, wbere, instead of there being 
three small masses of limestone in tbe midst of tbe Culm-measures, 
there is but one mass. abruptly adjoining these newer strata. Tlie 
Culm-measures at Combe, Heston, and Wbiteway Farms dip to tbe 
soutb-east as if tliey would pass under tbe Devonian Limestone. 
Hence, if tbe beds be not actually inverted, there must be a con- 
siderable fault running along the valley between Lyndridge Hill and 
Ideford. An inversion migbt belp us to account for the mass of 
limestone Stretching from Oldchard Well to Ugbrooke House. Its 
relations with tbe Culm-measures are nowhere exhibited, but these 
beds are seen to be violently disturbed by tbe bigb-road west of 
Bellamarsh Wood ; here, bowever, tbe great fault tbat cuts off tbe 
Chudleigh Limestone may pass. Again tbe Devonian slates that 
extend from Bishopsteignton to Kiugsteignlon, and wbicb near Wear 
Cross would seem to overlie tbe limestone, are nowhere clearly 
sbown in relation to it, and are highly disturbed in places by tbe 
great intruded mass of igneous rock. There is clear evidence 
in the cliffs north of Teignmouth of a fault wbicb runs tbrougb 
Bishopsteignton. 
Nowhere liave we any positive evidence of a mass of Devonian 
slates overlying tbe limestone. In some places, near Oldchard Well 
and Abbots Kerswell, I bave seen traces a foot or two in tbickness 
of blue and purple sbales resting upon tbe limestone, and tbis would 
accord witb tbe facts obtained by my colleague Mr. Keid at Chud- 
<- leigli, wbere the Devonian Limestone is only separated from tbe 
Culm-measures by a thin bed of shales. 
Tbis qucstion of tbe relations of Devonian rocks and Culm- 
measures is full of interest, and full of puzzles. Authorities agree 
tbat tbe Culm-measures represent a part of tbe true Coal-measures, 
and probably include tbe wbole of tbe Millstoue-grit. Botb Mr. 
Godwin- Austen and Dr. Holl have maintained that in South Devon 
the Culm-measures i’est unconformably upon tbe Devonian rocks. 
Some of tbe evidence relied upon by tbe former, and quoted by the 
latter, bas been sbown by Mr. Reid to be tbe result of a fault ; 1 
and so far as my own observations bave gone, I saw nothing in 
tbe relations of Culm-measures and Devonian rocks near Newton 
1 Paper read before Brit. Assoc. at riymouth. 
