G. II. Horton — The Count ry around Llangollen. 
469 
very rarely it is true, from near the base of the Silurian strata. 
These observations agree with tliose I have just offered to the 
Academy, and Support the conclusions to which I have arrived. I 
only wish to establish in favour of M. Lesquereux the right of 
priority which no one will dispute with him. B. B. W. 
II. — Descrizione degli strati Pliocenica dei dintorni di 
Siena. By Prof. Carlo Stefani. (Bolletino del R. Comitato 
Geologico, August, 1877.) 
I N the August number of the Bolletino del R. Comitato Geologico 
Prof. Carlo Stefani completes the “ Descrizione degli strati 
Pliocenica dei dintorni di Siena,” which was begun in the previous 
number. Targioni, Soldani, Pareto, Mortillet, Capellini, and many 
other Italians and foreigners, who have made a study of the Tertiaries, 
have described this district, which malces a detailed description and 
discussion of the geology of this classical spot, brought up to the 
present stand-point of the Science, doubly important. The beds in 
the immediate neighbourhood are Pliocene, apparently lower and 
middle, consisting of alternations of marine and brackish-water 
strata, with fresh-water onty in one place, and these cbanges the 
author ascribes to the amount of sea-water which could enter into 
a gulf of 'the sea in this locality. 
The great development of the Pliocene in Italy and contempo- 
raneous deposits having taken place in such different circumstances, 
as in deep-sea, littoral, brackish, and fresh-water conditions, it is not 
unnatural that many divisions of this period have been made which 
will have to fall under rnore exact examination, and in the Siena 
beds Prof. Stefani shows that the geological phenomena beconie 
simpler when the contemporaneity of the various deposits is under- 
stood. Long lists of fossils are given for comparison, and a com- 
plete catalogue from the pen of a colleague is promised shortly. 
These beds, it is unnecessarj’- to say, are very fossiliferous. 
The laborious Communications that are constantly appearing in 
this Bolletino on the interesting Miocene and Pliocene formations of 
Italy are gradually placing before us the recent geology of this 
country with great cleamess. A. W. W. 
III. — Abstract of a Paper on the Carboniferous Limestone 
AND MlLLSTONE - GRIT IN THE CoüNTRV AROUND LLANGOLLEN, 
North Wales. By George H. Morton, F.R.S. 
[Read at tlie Meeting of the British Association, Plymouth, August 20th, 1877.] 
7PHE author described the Carboniferous Limestone exposed in the 
JL Eglwyseg ridge near Llangollen. He stated that the finest 
section is exposed at the Ty-nant ravine, on the west of Cefn-y-Fedw, 
and that the country must be considered as the typical area of the 
Lower Carboniferous series in North Wales. The Millstone-grit, or 
Cefn-y-Fedw Sandstone, which reposes on the limestone, in the same 
district was also described. The following tabulation explains the 
succession and thickness of the entire series. 
