518 Notices of Memoirs — Prof. Toula — St. Nicolas- Balkan. 
mer was + 21-75 R., which gives a ränge of 61-25 R., or of 137-8 F. 
The average temperature in winter at Irkutsk is — 14°-8 R., and 
tke average for suramer -f- 13-1 R. For tke whole year the average 
is — -4 R., indicating that as a whole the gay society of Irkutsk live 
in a freezing temperature. Farther to the north at Yakutsk the 
average temperature is — 8-6° R., whilst still farther upon the 
borders of the Arctic Ocean at Ust Yansk it is — 13 - 0° R. 
(To be continued in our next Number .) 
itotices of :m::e:m:ox:r,s. 
Professor Toula on the Geology of St. Nicolas-Balkan: Section 
Osmanich-Ak-PalankA. (Proceedings of the Imperial Academy 
of Vienna.. April 25th, 1877.) 
[Communicated by Count Marschall, F.C.G.S., etc.] 
niHE central massif is composed of crystalline unstratified rocks, 
1 of granite (St.-Nicolas Defile : altitude 1390 metres), and very 
extensive dioritic rocks. Azoic rocks, such as clay-slates and 
gneissic rocks, with intercalations of chloritic and quartzitic schists, 
appear both on the south, and especially the north slope. In this 
direction they extend as far as the River Arcer, where they are 
partly overlain by “ Sarmatic ” deposits. The Carboniferous sand- 
stones south of Belgradeik, on the northern slope, include organic 
remains characteristic of the Old Red (*‘ Walchian ”) sandstones, as 
Calamites, Annularits, Odontopteris obtusa, Naum., Cyatheites arbor- 
escens, Brongn. ; Alethopteris gigas, Gutb., Toeniopteris abnormis, 
Gutb., and Walcliia pyriformis, Schlth. These sandstones are uncon- 
formably overlain by a thick deposit of red sandstones, probably the 
Bunter or Lower Triassic Sandstones. The Muschelkalk is met with 
in the same locality. The fossils are : Teeth of Saurichthys, Lima 
striata, Schlth., Pecten discites, Schlth., Pecten Alberti, Goldf., Osirea 
decemcostata, Mstr., Betzia trigonella, Schlth., Spiriferina fragilis, 
Schlth., Waldheimia vulgaris, Schlth., and Entrochtes in abundance. 
The overlying strata are white sandstones of unascertained age, and 
white Upper Jurassic limestones with hornstone and Belemnites. 
These limestones occur likewise beneath the Nerinaea-limestones 
of the isolated hill of Rabis. The Jurassics are conspicuously re- 
presented south of Belogradez by hard sandstones (“ Middle 
Dogger ”), with Pecten demissus, Phil.. Nonotis elegans, Goldf., and 
Belemnites (near canaliculatus, Schlth.), conformably overlain by 
fossiliferous, distinctly stratified limestones, containing Sphenodus 
macer, Quenst., Lepidotus maximus, A. Wagn., Aspidoceras ortho- 
eeras, d’Orb., Perispliinctes polyplocus, Rein., Simoceras Doublieri, 
d’Orb., Oppelia Holbeini, Opp., Oppelia compsa, Opp., Phylloceras 
tortisvlcatvm, d’Orb., Aptychus latus, Park., Apt. Bulgariens, sp. nova, 
Bhynchonella Agassizi, Zschn., and Rhynch. sp. (near sparsicosia, 
Quenst.). 
Cretaceous marls with small Belemnites and Inocerami are found 
to a limited extent between Vrbova and Qupren. Middle and Lower 
