Reviews — Be Ws Glacial Period in S. Hemisphere. 519 
Cretaceous deposits prevail in tlie Southern portion of the chain. The 
older sediruents are represented there only by Palasozoic conglo- 
merates and schists, and by the red sandstones near Berilovce, over- 
lain by limestones and marls with Orhitulina lenticularis, two other 
species of the same genus, Spongia Vola, Mich., and other Spongice, 
one Craticularia, one Sporadiscina, some Corals and Polyzoa, and 
fragments of Ostrea, Terebratulina, Terebrirostra, and Natica. 
Cretaceous sandstones rest on tliese beds ; and beueath them, near 
Isvor, are fossiliferous, sandy, and locally somewhat oolitic Neoco- 
mian limestones, abounding with Polyzoa (among them a new 
species, Heteropora Isovriana), together with numerous joiuts of a 
Pentacrinus belonging to the series of astralis, Quenst., abundant 
spines of Cidarites, a Peltastes (near stellulatus, Ag.), and a new 
small Crustacean, Prosopon inflatum. 
Friable Cretaceous sandstones then follow almost to the descent 
into the Nisova Yalley, where Caprotina-limestones, resting on marls 
with Pyrina pygmcea, Ag., appear. Enormous deposits of rolled 
blocks and gravel cover the slope up to a considerable height. 
lEÄIE'V'IIEWS. 
I. — The Glacial Period in the Southern Hemisphere. By 
Thomas Belt, F.G.S. (Quart. Journ. of Science, July, 1877.) 
I N all his former papers on the Glacial Period, the author has dealt 
mainly with plienomena connected with the glaciation of the 
northern hemisphere, a great part of which he has travelled over 
himself, and has therefore been able to bring his personal experience 
to bear upon the subject; but in treating of the Southern, he is obliged 
to rely for his data on the observations of other geologists. This 
Compilation of the recorded facts that relate to the subject-matter is 
undertaken, Mr. Belt says, with the view of refuting the idea which 
seems of late to have arisen in the minds of some geologists, that 
there is no evidence of a glacial period south of the equator ; and to 
show that the phenomena there found agree with those of the northern 
hemisphere. 
The first authority cited is Prof. Agassiz, whose theories conceming 
the Amazon valley are considered by the author to be mistaken ones. 
The Pampean mud, it is argued, owes its origin to the same causes 
as the loess of Central Europe and the silt of the Siberian steppes, 
viz. the formation of a freshwater lake through the damming back 
of the drainage by the advance of the south polar ice up the basin of 
the South Atlantic; and a similar explanation is hinted at for the 
plains of gravel and silt in New Zealand. 
The icy barriers to these lakes would themselves be melting and so 
contribute to their formation, and there would, it is maintained, be 
no more reason for the lakes tliey caused being frozen than that the 
Manjalen Sea, which is formed in a similar way, should be so. 
This advance of the ice in both hemispheres simultaneously towards 
the equator would result not from a flow of the ice in that direction, 
but from ridges being formed which intercepted the moisture travelling 
