524 Reviews — Ly man’ s Geology of Japan. 
blown sometimes one way, and sometimes another, and kave dropped 
powdery sulphur all about within a space of somewhat rectangular 
shape, about 250 yards long from top to bottom, and 150 yards 
wide across tbe valley, wkich kere is kroad and skallow, and slopes 
steeply westward, falling about 325 feet from top to bottom of tke 
sulpkur. Tkere are no plants kere, and tke ground is covered witk 
rougk blocks of stone of one foot, two feet, or even six feet or more 
in diameter, a grey volcanic rock, trackytic porpkyry containing 
sanadine. Among tkese stones tke sulpkur kas gatkered to irregulär 
deptlis, in some kollows quite covering tke stones like a snow-drift. 
In some places tke sulpkur is burning quietly at a depth of a few 
inckes below its surface, and sending out fumes by small koles. 
Further down kill tke sulpkur kas been wasked by the rains down 
tke bed of tke stream now dry, and kas collected into a solid pretty 
pure mass, a foot or two, or even tkree, in tkickness, but only a few 
feet wide, tkougk perhaps a hundred yards long.” As would not be 
unlikely, tkere is no drinkable water witkin a mile and a half ; tke 
carriage to tke skore is difficult ; and yet it is tkought a small profit 
might be made by working tke deposit ; the experiment of dipping 
up the molten sulphur is suggested, but no mention is made of any 
possibility of condensing and tkus economising tke fumes so largely 
given off. 
Iron seems only to occur in tke forms of magnetic iron sand along 
tke skores of Yolcano Bay, etc., and as bog iron ore in other places, 
the whole amount present being kardly more than 100,000 tons. 
Witk regard to geology proper, extended knowledge of tke ground 
kas reduced tke number of formations into whick tke rocks kad been 
previously divided, so that, instead of tke list formerly given, we 
kave now the following : — 
New Alluvium , perhaps up to 
100 feet 
in 
thickness 
Old Alluvium ,, 
100 
>> 
New Volcanic Rocks „ 
Toshibets Group , probably about 
200 
3000 
>> 
>y 
Old Volcanic Rocks, perhaps 
3000 
» 
Horumui (or Brown Coal-bearing) 
probably about 
Group, 
6500 
>> 
Kamaikotan ( Metamorphic ), perhaps 
3000 
Tke tkicknesses, except those of tke Toskibets and Horumui 
groups, are not based on any measurements, but inferred from 
general observations. 
Mr. Ly man kas seen reason to abandon tke Toshibets Kuril 
division, and to include it witk tke Toshibets Kcirafto groups. 
In one of bis reports specially geological ke has not adopted 
tke chronological order of description, but inverted it, sacrificing tke 
advantage derivable from giving a comprekensive idea of consecutive 
geological events. 
A great want is that of geological sections skowing tke structure 
of tke island, and tke manner in wkich tke different groups succeed 
eack otker. Sections across tke coal-beds are frequently given, 
skowing synclinal and anticlinal curves, the forms of wkich neea 
not as a general rule be necessarily tkose assumed for tkem from 
observations on the dips taken at tke surface, but we do not find a 
