70 
D. D. CUMNINGHAM. 
their inner free extremities do not present such a distinctly 
defined border as that apparent in many intestinal epithelia. The 
reticular layer between the other coats is formed of a network of 
fine filaments^ the meshes of which are occupied by free nuclear 
bodies. It is very thin, and under normal circumstances is 
very inconspicuous, lying, as it were, compressed between the 
other two coats. When the latter, however, are separated from 
one another by pressure, or by means of reagents w^hich cause 
the inner one to contract, the meshes of the reticular tissue are 
stretched and open out, showing that in many places several 
strata of reticula are present. In some places, on the other 
hand, there appears to be only a single layer, the bands of tissue 
seeming to pass direct from the inner surface of the muscular 
coat to the outer surface of the epithelial one. Fig. 8 repre- 
sents a specimen in which several strata of reticuli and nuclei 
are present. The nuclei are plump and shining, and after treat- 
ment with alcohol appear softly molecular. 
The appearances presented by the intestinal canal of a larva 
in the last stage of starvation were the following : — The intes- 
tine cannot be detected from the exterior of the abdomen, and 
on its removal from the body it is seen to be very slender and 
short. The canal is quite empty throughout almost its entire 
length, but here and there an isolated brownish-yellow granular 
mass is present. The epithelial coat is everywhere entirely 
wanting. The reticula of the adenoid coat appear not to have 
been in any way affected, but the nuclear elements present most 
abnormal appearances. In place of being quite colourless and 
smooth, they are rendered extremely conspicuous by being of 
various shades of yellow and brown, due to the presence of 
accumulations of granular matter within them. In some places 
comparatively few nuclei are present, and the reticula are empty 
or contain collections of free granules. The changes in the 
adenoid tissue are most marked in the upper portion of the 
intestinal canal, and in the large intestine a large number of 
unaltered nuclei are still present. On treating the specimen 
w’ith alcohol and ether, active swarming of the granules in the 
reticular meshes and in the nuclei occurred ; and on continuing 
the application of ether, many of the nuclei and nuclear masses 
were entirely broken up, all the yellow matter being dissolved 
and disappearing, while an abundance of deep brown pigment 
granules remained behind. Many of the pigment granules lay 
loose in the reticular spaces, but others were contained within 
nuclei, or formed dense aggregations corresponding apparently 
with nuclei which they had replaced. The yellow granular 
matter was also dissolved out from the masses of intestinal con- 
