74 
D. D. CUNNINGHAM. 
inent granules, and numerous free granules lie loose in the 
meshes of the tissue. 
The extensive deposit of pigment is probably due to the great 
destruction of blood-corpuscles accompanying starvation. The 
time of its appearance coincides with that period of starvation in 
which distinct evidences of considerable destruction in the blood 
present themselves ; and observation seemed even to indicate a 
certain amount of correspondence between the degree of blood- 
destruction and of pigmentation in individual cases. 
Starvation also produced most marked efPects on the liver. 
The size of the organ is greatly diminished ; it assumes a dark 
brown colour in place of the pinkish-yellow tint normal to it ; 
and its substance appears granular. When examined micro- 
scopically it is found to be bloodless, and its substance reduced 
to a mere amorphous mass of dark yellow and brown oil 
granules, with a sprinkling of bright red concretions scattered 
through it in some cases. The gall-bladder is invariably full, 
and very frequently is greatly distended. The contained fluid, in 
place of being almost colourless, as it ought to be, is green. The 
depth of the colour varies considerably, but in some cases is so 
intense as to cause the gall-bladder to appear as a deep emerald- 
green body, w'hich shines prominently through the abdominal 
walls. The gall-bladder, in any case, usually contains some 
fatty concretionary matter ; but in starved cases this is present 
in excessive quantity, and is frequently of a deep green colour. 
In the case of the intestine, as in that of the tail of the larvae, 
the ultimate effect of starvation consisted in a destruction of 
tissue associated with fatty change and subsequent disintegration 
of the component elements. The principal difference between 
the two cases was one of degree rather than of kind, the amount 
of destruction in the intestinal tissue being much greater than 
that in the tail. In both cases the destructive changes w^ere 
specially manifest in active epithelial elements, that is, in 
structures in which the living protoplasm bore a high proportion 
to the amount of formed material. The occurrence of fatty 
change in the free sub-epidermal cells flnds a parallel in that 
presenting itself in the nuclear elements of the adenoid tissue of 
the intestine, and in both cases the connective -tissue structures 
w'ere little affected and remained persistent after the occurrence of 
extensive destruction in other parts. The phenomena in both 
cases, and specially those occurring in the intestinal canal, show 
conclusively that during the course of starvation the changes are 
not limited to mere atrophy, but that in some tissues extensive 
destruction of the component elements occurs, rendering the 
latter incapable of recovery on the subsequent addition of nutri- 
tive supply. So long as any living material remains within the 
