ns 
E. A. SCHaFER. 
with either permanent or transient conditions of animals lower 
in the scale. 
V. Since the phases of development of individual animals are 
often seen to be representations of the permanent conditions 
which are met with in a series of animals belonging to lower 
grades of organisation^ it is impossible not to infer that these 
successive phases in the development of the individual represent 
similar phases in the process of formation or development of the 
race to which the individual belongs. To revert to a former 
simile,, we may safely say that the developmental telescope of 
the individual is the same as that of the race, but with the tubes 
shortened or shifted one upon another so that in many cases 
their original order is no longer recognisable. The history of 
the development then of any individual animal from the egg it 
an abridgment of the history of formation in time of the race ; 
or, to state the matter in as few words as possible, ^^developmens 
represents descent.'’^ 
We conclude, therefore, that the ancestors of every animal have 
successively exhibited structural conditions which are repre- 
sented in a more or less modified form by the successive 
stages of development of the individual. This is the only 
logical conclusion to which the study of animal development 
leads. Modifying slightly the words of Darwin I would say, to 
take any other view^ is to admit that the structure of animals, 
and the history of their development, form a mere snare laid to 
entrap our judgment.^^ 
