TERMINOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF CRYPTOGAMS. 415 
tlian on unproved hypotheses. We propose^ therefore, as 
the basis of our terminology, to restore the term spore to 
what has been in the main hitherto its ordinary significa- 
tion, and to restrict its use to any cell produced hy ordinary 
processes of vegetatio7ii and not directly hy a union of sexual 
ele^nents, which becomes detached for the purpose of direct 
vegetative reproduction. The spore may be the result of 
ordinary cell division or of free cell formation. In certain 
cases (zoospore) its first stage is that of a naked primordial 
mass of protoplasm. In rare instances it is multicellular, 
breaking up into a number of cells (polyspore, composed of 
merispores, or breaking up into sporidia). 
The simple term spore will, for the sake of convenience, 
be retained in Muscinese and. Vascular Cryptogams; but in 
the Thallophytes it will always be used in the form of one 
of those compounds to which it so readily lends itself, ex- 
pressive of the special character of the organ in the class 
in question. Thus, in the Protophyta and Mucorini, we 
have chlamy do spores ; in the Myxomycetes, sporangiospores ; 
in the Peronosporeae, conidiospores y in the Saprolegnieae, 
Oophyceae, and some Zygophyceae, zoospores; in the Ure- 
dineae, teleutospores , cecidiospores, uredospores, and sporidia ; 
in the Basidiomycetes, hasidiospores ; in the Ascomycetes 
(including Lichenes), conidiospores, stylospores, ascospores, 
polyspores, and merispores ; in the Hydrodictyeae, mega- 
spores; in the Desmidieae, auxospores ; in the Volvocineae 
and Mesocarpeae, par'thenospores ; in the Siphoneae and 
Botrydieae, hypnospores ; in the Oedogoniaceae, . andro- 
spores ; in the Florideae, tetraspores and octospores. The cell 
in which the spores are formed will, in all cases, be called a 
sporangium. It is obvious that, if greater precision is desired, 
this term might be compounded in the same way as spore ; 
but the words thus formed would be needlessly cumbrous for 
ordinary use. 
The male organs of fecundation are so uniform in their 
structure throughout cryptogams that very little complica-' 
tion has found its way into their terminology. The cell or 
more complicated structure in which the male element is 
formed is uniformly known among Cormophytes as well as 
Thalloi)hytes as an atitheridium ; the fecundating bodies are 
almost invariably naked masses of protoplasm, provided 
with vibratile cilia, endowed with apparently spontaneous 
motion, and bearing the appropriate name of antherozoids 
or “ spermatozoids.” The former of these is preferable for 
two reasons ; from its etymological connection with anthe- 
ridium, and because the use of terms compounded from 
