THEORY OP GALVANISM. 
101 
in order that they might be cut with a punch. The instrument Excitement of 
of this kind which I used was 07 inch in diameter, and there 
■ was also a contrivance for striking a small hole in the centre, pbcuomena of 
cloctnc 
in order to string them in pairs with a silk thread, in the form column, 
of a chaplet. Forming then two chaplets with all the plates 
iwhich I had at that time, and associating them by their oppo- 
I site sides with respect to positive and negative, they acted as if 
: they had formed only one series. I therefore saw no limit to 
t the enlargement of that natural electric, machine ; but other 
I avocations prevented me from proceeding any further than the 
< electric column of GOO pairs of that size described in your 
I number for October, 1810 , with the detail of the experiments, 
r which I had made w'ith that new apparatus. 
Such is the instrument that Mr. Singer has enlarged much 
: beyond my expectation in every respect ; but before I explain 
t the causes of the increase of its effects, I must extract from 
Ihis paper one of the most direct proofs that his apparatus 
tacts as a natural electric machine, producing a surprising ele^ ' 
1 tromotion, yet unattended with any chemical effects, either 
1 between its extremities, or in itself. 
With respect to the electromotion ; when Mr. Singer applies 
1 his column to charge a Leyden jar containing about 50 square 
i inches of coated surface, its discharge through our body is such, 
I that it gives a shock sensibly felt in the shoulders, and by some 
I individuals across the breast. This being the same effect pro* 
tduced by the common electric machine charging a Leyden jar, 
t there cannot be any doubt that the fluid set in motion by the 
t electric column, is the electric fluid. 
I come now to the proofs, that the electromotion in the 
(galvanic pile, the cause of which I have proved to be the same 
I as in the electric column, is totally independent on any chemi- 
I cal agency, or any chemical effects ; which characters of the 
(galvanic pile depend only on a liquid being introduced between 
I the zinc and silver, or copperplates. No liquid being used in 
I the column, it must, therefore, be divested, in the first place, of 
I producing chemical effects between its extremities. Mr. Sin- 
I ger has submitted this conclusion to experiments, respecting 
which 
