grenadier grosbeak. 
Loxea Orix. 
Emberiza Orix. 
Le Cardinal du Cap de 
Bonne Esperance. 
Grenadier. 
Grenadier Grosbeak. 
Ljn. Mant. 1771. p. 591. 
Lyn. Sysl . i. p • 3 0 9. No. 7. 
Bris. Orn. iii. p * 1H. No. 21* 
Buff. Ois. iii. p. 4 9 6. 
Echo. iv. p . 17 8. 
Lath. Syn. ii. p* 120 . No. 16. 
Monsieur Brisson describes tbis bird under the character of the Caidinal 
of the Cape of Good Hope; and the Count de Buffon arranges it likewise 
with other foreign birds related to the T ree Sparrow ; but the very accurate 
Latham places it, very properly, with the Grosbeaks, to which family it 
undoubtedly belongs. 
The figure represents it the size of life, and in its summer dress, at 
which season, the forehead, cheeks, chin, and belly, are a downy black; 
the hind part of the head, the neck, the breast, lower part of the back, 
rump, covert feathers, above and beneath the tail, are bright orange; the 
back, wings, and tail, brown, each feather being dusky in the middle, and 
fringed with a pale rufous colour; the thighs are pale tawney; the legs 
flesh-colour. 
In the winter it experiences an entire change; the rich black, and 
splendid orange, become less and less distinct, and the whole plumage is 
changed into dusky, brown, and tawney. 
I have reason to believe, that this very rare and valuable bird does not 
obtain its perfect colours until the second year at soonest : as I had an op- 
portunity of making drawings from, and examining a cage of these birds 
which were sent from Lisbon as a present to the late Earl of Sandwich, 
when at the head of the admiralty; and although there were several of 
them, there were scarcely two alike : in a letter which accompanied them, 
they were called the Portugal Bishop. 
