157 
Then, again, the white lining is always chipping off and is 
troublesome to replace, by an amateur especially ; consider- 
able heat is radiated from its bright metal sides; and, finally, 
the cost, although not much in itself, when added on to the 
price of a lamp, makes the total amount to a considerable 
sum. 
These considerations led me to try some experiments, which 
have resulted in the production of a shade so satisfactory, not 
only to myself, but also to those of my friends to whom it has 
been shown, that I am induced to send a description of it to 
the ‘ Quarterly Journal,’ thinking it might be of interest to 
some of its readers. 
The shade consists of a short cylinder made of unglazed 
earthenware, coloured black on the out- 
side and for about an inch from the top 
on the inside, the rest of the inside 
beins left white. It is of such a size 
as will just allow' of its passing over 
the chimney of the lamp, about two or 
two and a half inches in diameter and 
about four inches in length. On one 
side of this cylinder an opening is made 
about tw'o inches long by an inch in 
width. The cylinder is to be passed 
over the chimney of the lamp, and may 
be supported either by three projecting 
arms carried by the burner or, what 
is perhaps better, it may be attached in 
the manner shown in the figure (which 
shows the shade fitted to a travelling 
lamp, drawn to a scale of one quarter), 
to a short cylinder which is capable 
of sliding up and dowm upon a tube 
carrying the lamp. 
The chief advantages of these shades are these : 
It is easily adopted to any form of lamp, whether oil, 
paraffin, camphine, or gas. 
It takes up very little space, and is therefore particularly 
applicable to travelling lamps. 
Being open at the bottom, it casts no dowmvard shadow 
whatever, so that the light can be readily thrown upon 
the mirror without the necessity for tipping the lamp 
forwards. 
The material and colour of the shade effectually prevent 
the radiation of heat, w'hilst the pure “ dead ” w'hite of the 
inside gives a most perfect “white-cloud” illumination. 
