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hips and haws. The Sarsaparilla of the shops affords ra- 
phides ; but not so the North American or false Sarsaparilla, 
which is one of the Araliaceae abounding in spheeraphides, 
but devoid of raphides. 
Our Endogens are far more affluent than our Endogens in 
raphides. They are plentiful throughout the Blue Bell, 
Grape, Hyacinth, and Star of Bethlehem, and may be well 
seen in the ovule-coat of this last plant. Beautiful, too, they 
are, with their large, pale, soft cells, in the Cookoo-pint and 
other Araceae, and especially in the berries of these plants, as 
shown by Fig. 3, p. 366, of the £ Annals of Natural History’ 
for November, 1863. Under slight pressure the bundle of 
raphides breaks up, so that they lie in different dhections 
within the cell, often gravitating towards one end, sometimes 
escaping thence, and occasionally in a very remarkable 
manner from both ends. These “ biforines” are well seen in 
Colocasia ; Richardia and Caladium are also common green- 
house plants of the order full of raphides. Of the Duck- 
weeds, Lemna minor and L. trisulca abound in raphides, 
while they are comparatively scanty in L. polyrrhiza and L. 
gibba, and are totally wanting in AVolffia, as shown in my 
figures of the cells of Lemna and Wolffia, in ‘ Seemann’s 
Journal of Botany’ for December, 1866, and January, 1869, 
where, too, the bundle of raphides of a mature leaf of L. 
trisulca appears destitute of a proper cell-wall, the boundary 
of the space being formed merely by the outer wall of the 
contiguous tissue-cells. In Pistia Stratiotes, or tropical 
Duckweed, both raphides and sphaeraphides occur ; and this 
plant may be had of Mr. Kennedy, at Covent Garden. The 
English Orchidaceae abound in raphides, and it is remark- 
able that the illustrious Robert Brown, who only noticed 
them in this order, gave such a true description of the shape 
of these crystals as distinguished them clearly from crystal 
prisms. Of the Lady’s Tresses the raphides are easily seen 
through the semi-transparent bract-like stem-leaves ; and the 
cells containing the much smaller bundles of raphides are 
pretty objects both in this plant and in the Marsh Hellobo- 
rine. Raphides occur in the Lily of the Valley; in Aspa- 
ragus they are abundant from its root to its berry and ovule ; 
and in the bulb-scales, leaves, and scape of the Daffodil. 
Other Amaryllids, as the Narcissus, abound in raphides; and 
in the officinal Squill they are very large and plentiful. 
II. Sphjeraphides are more or less rounded forms, made 
up of a congeries of crystals, many of which are prisms, often 
acicular. The sphferaphides are more or less rough on the 
