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controversy how many original protistic phyla or radical forms 
may have given origin to the races of animals, plants, and 
the existing races of protista, loses much of its apparent 
importance from the oldest original forms of all organisms, 
having manifestly been Moners of the sinyplest and most 
indifferent kind, structureless and homogeneous, shapeless 
lumps of sarcode, originating from Archigony or equivocal 
generation. 
As is shown by the Moners described by myself and Cien- 
kowski, it is quite impossible to unite them with any manner 
of safety to any other established group of Protista, or to 
consider them with certainty as either animals or plants. In 
the passive state, and during reproduction, they have more 
of a vegetable, and in the active state, and when taking 
nourishment, more of an animal, character. Put on the 
whole they are, by their very simple nature, such indifferent 
organisms that they might be considered as the first begin- 
nings of any given living organic race (phylum) . What a great 
analogy these display, in this respect, with the various groups 
of Protista will be best understood from the following mor- 
phological comparison of the Monera with the various groups 
of Protista. 
Before we proceedto this, it seems advisable once more to enu- 
merate the various organic stems which compose the kingdom 
of the Protista in its just defined limits. I repeat again, that I 
consider this “ system of Protista,” in every point of view, as 
only an entirely provisional attempt, and as an inducement 
to fresh investigation. 
Kingdom of the Protista, or of Monogenetic Organisms 
(< organisms which reproduce themselves exclusively in a 
non-sexual manner, by monogony ). 
Gh'oup I. Monera. 
1. Gymnomonera (Protogenes, Protamceba, &c.). 
2. Lepomonera (Protomonas, Vampyrella, Protomyxa, 
&c.). 
Group II. Flagellata. 
1. Nudifiagellata (Euglena, Spondylomorum, &c.). 
2. Cilioflagellata (Peridinium, Ceratium, &c.). 
Group III. Labyrinthulea (Labyrinthulte). 
Group IV. Diatomea (Bacillaria). 
