Celidium Stictarum. 
Conida clemens. 
Phacopsis psoromoides. 
This complexity of synonymy illustrates the rage of the 
present continental school of lichenologists (the German, 
Italian, and Scandinavian) for the multiplication of genera 
and species, and of names. It indicates, I think, a serious 
defect in classification and nomenclature — one that will pro- 
bably not be corrected till the whole group of parasitic 
Micro-lichens is studied by some experienced lichenologist, 
who is more a biologist than a species-monger, imbued, as he 
should be for such a task, with philosophical conceptions of 
the constitution of genera and species. 
II. The confusion between Lichens and Fungi d 
This subject has already been partly illustrated in the 
introduction to this paper, 2 and it will be further dis- 
cussed in a subsequent paper on the Micro-Fungi that are 
parasitic on Lichens — a paper that will form a natural com- 
plement to the present. Not a few of the Lichens enumerated 
above have already been referred by various authors to the 
Fungi, e. g. to the genus — 
1. Sphjerta : — Celidium Stictarum; Conida clemens; 
Sphinctrina turbinata ; Xenosplueria Engeliana ; 
Tichothecium gemmiferum; T. Arnoldi. 
2. Peziza : — Scutula Wallrotliii ; Leciographa Neesii. 
3. Dothidea: — Celidium Stictarum. 
4. Sclerococcum : — Acolium corallinum. 
While several others will probably ultimately be regarded 
as Fungi, e. g. — 
Lecidea obscuroides, Alectoria, Cladoniaria, associata. 
Abrothallus TJsnece. 
Celidium fusco-purpureum, Stictarum, varium , dubium, 
Pelvetii, Sec. 
Phacopsis vulpina, psoromoides . 
Microthelia perrugosaria, Cargilliana, verrucosaria, 
Ramalinaria , vermicularia, alcicornaria, prunas- 
tria, Solorinaria, Collemaria, See. 
Phymatopsis dubia. 
Karschia Strickeri. 
1 Compare also what I have said on this subject in the following papers : 
1. “Arthonia melaspermella ‘ Journal of Linnean Society,’ “ Botany,’ 
vol. ix, p. 269. 
2. ‘N. Z. Lich. and Fungi,’ p. 434. 
3. ‘ Polymorphism in Lichens.’ 
5 ‘ Quart. Journ. of Mic. Science,’ Jan., 1869. 
