230 
H. M. WOODCOCK. 
intra-cellular, in view of its possession (as was then tliouglii) 
of the binucleate condition and of a typical Flagellate, 
karyosomatic type of nucleus. There may be some among 
those who uphold the locomotor or kinetic view of the 
karyosome who will even yet be inclined to sa\% Why should 
not the conspicuous, deeply staining body associated with 
the nucleus in Leucocytozoon and Halteridium still be 
regarded as representing a kinetonuclear element, perhaps in 
a “ reduced ” or non-functional condition ? 
The following are very strong reasons, I consider, against 
maintaining any longer the view that these parasites do 
exemplify the binucleate condition, as it is found, for exarnide, 
in the case of a Trypanosome. In the first place, as I have 
shown in the preceding section (Note III of this series), the 
typical karyosome cannot be considered as a “locomotor 
component ” at all ; there is no evidence whatever that the 
karyosome itself stands in any special relation to the kinetic 
activities. Secondly, from the comparison of the true nuclear 
condition occurring in Leucocytozoon and Halteridium 
with that obtaining in the Haemegregarine, Karyolysus 
lacertm, and in certain phases of different Coccidia, it seems 
evident that the so-called kinetonuclear element in the first- 
named forms represents in I'eality the karyosome of these 
other parasites. Lastly, but by no means of least importance, 
when Halteridium and Leucocytozoon apparently show 
nuclear dimorphism, according to Giemsa-stained preparations, 
the nucleus itself is seen in films stained by iron-htematoxylin 
to be no longer of the well-known karyosomatic type, i.e. 
not comparable to the trophonucleus of a binucleate Flagel- 
late; in short, as is clear from the study of my figures of 
Halteridium, the prominent extra-nuclear body is the 
karyosome of the nucleus. 
The association of Halteridium and Leucocy tozoou 
(and also, in all probability, of Proteosoma and the malarial 
parasites) along with the H£einoflagellates in the group 
Binucleata has therefore to be given up. These Hmuio- 
sporidia, equally with the HEemogregarines, must be regarded 
