THE LEISHMANIA OP ITALIAN KALA-AZAli. 
3(il 
karyosoine of the kinetonucleus. Ttiis- body presents itself 
sometimes as two rounded granules quite distinct and united 
by a zone stained more feebly, instead of as a single dense 
oval body ; but in that case there exist already two rhizoplasts 
or even two flagella, and I believe that this is always a case of 
the beginning of the process of division, which commences, 
as is known, in the kinetonucleus. 
Around the karyosome a clear circular zone is observed, 
corresponding to the nuclear sap-zone of the ti’ophonucleus 
and delimited by a membrane, very delicate but always quite 
evident. In this zone it is sometimes possible to distinguish 
also some: fine chromatinic granules without linin-threads. At 
the periphery of the clear zone there is found anteriorly as 
a rule a granule more or less evident, the basal granule or 
blepharoplast properly so-called, from which the rhizoplast 
arises. 
'I’he flagellum of Lei sh mania nevei- ends at the anterior 
pole of the parasite, as has been described liy observers 
whose methods of staining have been defective, but is always 
continued into the body of the Protozoon in a posterior 
direction and along the axis of the parasite as far as the 
kinetonucleus. There is thus a rhizoplast constantly present in 
the Leishmania, a structure which, moreover, exists already 
in the forms of Leishmania in the human body, as T have 
de.scribed and figured iu one of my preceding publications. 
To establish exactly the precise relations and connection of 
the flagellum with the kinetonucleus is not always easy. 
In the greater number of cases the flagellum ends in the 
blepharoplast proper or basal granule, wliich, as I have stated, 
is found antai iorly in the sap-zone of the kinetonucleus, more 
or less near to the karyosome, sometimes adhering to it- 
When there is a certain amount of space between the two it is 
possible to demonstrate a structure iu the form of a finely 
striated cone, as if it were constituted by very minute fibrils, 
which unite the karyosome to the blepharoplast itself. 'J'his 
is just as is observed sometimes in many trypanosomes and in 
L. tropica. 
