166 SYDNEY .1. HICKSON AND J, T. WADSWORTH. 
some resemblauce to the figures and description of the 
gemmula of Trichophrya epistylidis given by Butschli 
(2, PI. 78, 6h). 
According to Sand, however, the reproduction of Triclio- 
ph rya epistylidis is “par embryons internes multiples 
(tons situes dans la meme cavite), en forme de leiitille bicon- 
vexe, munis de 3 couronnes de cils et de 3-8 vacuoles con- 
tractiles.” 
According to Stein the four to eight gemmulae that may be 
found in the brood-pouch of this species are produced by the 
fission of a single gemmula. 
W'^e have not observed more than a single gemmula in any 
brood-chamber of either Lernseophrya or Dendrosoma, 
but we have not seen enough specimens of Trichophrya 
yet either to affirm or deny Sand’s statement that the gem- 
mulm are multiple in that genus. 
The gemmule formation iu the specimens of Bern aeo p h rya 
resembles that described by Perez (25) for the specimens 
obtained by him at Bordeaux in the curious fact that it some- 
times occurs very early. In our figure (32), for example, we 
have drawn an example of a very young Lernaeophrya (or 
Trichoph rya f) whicli has only just settled down, but already 
shows a fully formed gemmula in the brood-pouch. 
^Ve cannot give a decided opinion as to whether all the 
free-swimming geminulm of this biconvex type belong to 
Lernmophrya or to Trichophrya, as we have not at 
present been able to trace out their history after they have 
settled down, but it is almost certain that they belong either 
to the one genus or the other, and not to Dendrosoma or any 
of the other Acinetaria associated with it. 
3'hese gemmulae ai-e usually biconvex, with a slight con- 
striction in the middle, an equatorial band of four rows of 
cilia, and three contractile vacuoles (fig. 31). There is pro- 
bably a considerable range of variation (see p. 162) in size 
and shape. One of the conv'ex sides is sometimes rather more 
flattened than the other ; there may be only three, or possibly 
more than four, rows of cilia in the equatorial band (the exact 
