STEUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT, AND BIONOJIICS OP HOUSE-FLY. 395 
lopota, Tabanus, and Chi-ysops. These biting and’ blood- 
sucking flies live upon the blood of living rather than dead 
animals. But it is from the carcases and skins of animals 
which have died of anthrax that infection is more likely to 
be obtained, and I believe that such flies as the blow-flies 
(Calliphora spp.), and sometimes M. domestica and 
Lu cilia csesar, which frequent flesh and the bodies’ of dead 
animals for the purpose of depositing their eggs and for the 
sake of the juices, are more likely to be concerned in the 
carriage of the anthrax bacillus and the causation of malig- 
nant pustule than are the blood-sucking flies. Consequently, 
as M. domestica and its allies only are under consideration, 
and for the sake of brevity, the relation to anthrax of the 
non-biting flies only will be considered here. 
'J'he earliest bacteriological evidence in support of this 
belief was published by Raimbert (1869). He experimentally 
pi’oved that the house-fly and the meat-fly were able to carry 
the anthrax bacillus, which he found on their probosces and 
legs. In one experiment two meat-flies were placed from 
twelve to twenty-four hours in a bell-jar with a dish of dried 
anthrax blood. One guinea-pig’ was inoculated with a pro- 
boscis, two wings and four legs of a fly, and another with a 
wing and two legs. Both were dead at the end of sixty 
hours, anthrax bacilli being found in their blood, spleen, and 
heart. He concludes: “Les mouches qui se posent sur les 
cadavres des animaux morts du Charbou sur les depouilles, 
et s’en nourissent, ont la faculte de ti’ansporter les virus char- 
bonneux depose sur la peau peut en traverser les differeutes 
couches.” Havaine (1870) also carried out similar experi- 
ments with C. vomitoria, which was able to carry the 
anthrax bacillus. Bollinger (1874) found the bacilli in the 
alimentary tract of flies that he had caught on the carcase 
of a cow dead of anthrax. Buchanan (1. c.) placed C. 
vomitoria under a bell-jar with the carcase of a guinea-pig 
(deprived of skin and viscera) which had died of anthrax. 
He then transferred them to agar medium and a second agar 
capsule, both of which subsequently showed a profuse growth 
