474 
EDITH M. MUSGEAYE. 
liave tlieir origin in the stalk and rachis have doubtless 
been observed by early writers, and have given foundation 
for the belief that Pennatulids have been observed “to swim 
freely by means of their 'fins,’” although the “fins” or 
“ leaves,” from their very constitution cannot possibly 
take any part in the muscular activity and propulsion of the 
colony. 
This publication is the outcome of certain experiments 
attempted on living Pennatulids in the Zoological Laboratories 
of the IMarine Biological Station at Naples during the month 
of April, 1905, during which period I occupied the British 
Association table in that institution. I must express my in- 
debtedness to the committee of the British Association for 
the grant of the table. 
The greater portion of the research in connection with this 
paper has been accomplished in the Zoological Laboratories of 
the Victoria University of Manchester. I must express my 
very cordial thanks to Professor Hickson for much valuable 
information on the snbject of Pennatulids and assistance in 
my work. 
Literature. 
1741. Rumph. — ‘ D’Ainhoinsche Rareit kamer.,’ Amsterdam. 
1758. LimiEeus.— ‘ Systema Naturae,’ lOtli edition. 
17dl. Bohadsch. J. B. — ‘ De quibusdam animalibus marinis, etc.’ 
1764. Ellis. — “ An Account of the Sea Pen, etc.," ‘ Phil. Trans.,’ vol. liii, 
pp. 419-428, pis. 19-21. 
1786. and Solander. — ‘Nat. Hist. Zoophytes,’ 1786. 
1788. Midler, O. P. — “ Zoologia Danica Sen Animal, Dan et Norveg, 
etc.,’’ ‘ Descriptiones et Historia.’ 
1827. Chiaje. Stefano della. — ‘ Animali senza vertebrae del Regno si 
Napoli,’ vol. iii. 
1834. Ehrenbei’g, C. — “ Die corallenthiere des Rothen Meeres,” ‘ Abhand. 
der Akad. Wiss.,’ Berlin. 
1845. Darwin, C. — ‘ Naturalist’s Voyage Round the Woild.’ 
1847. Johnston. — ‘ British Zoophytes.’ 
