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wherever they have recently been taken up, and especially if they had been kept dry "and not„able 
for some time to supply sap to the uppermost branches and foliage, throw them into a tank or pond of 
water, or stand them upright in a tub for twelve hours, so that all or as much of the top as possible is 
immersed, and notice how wonderfully it will refresh and stiffen them, then plant them at once. A 
capital plan, particularly if the trees are planted late in the spring, is to paint or daub them with a 
mixture of one part clay, fresh slaked lime, and a little soot j this will prevent the action of the sun 
and dry winds playing direct on the tissues of the trees, and will last for a few weeks ; rain and time 
will bring it all off. If the trees are very large and planted after January, let their stems be bound 
round with strips of sacking, similar to how grooms do their horses’ legs ; if it is good for them, it is 
good for the trees, until they can catch hold of the soil and help themselves to food and moisture. 
This canvas should also bo painted over with the clay, etc., as mentioned above. 
A man is often set to plant who is not accustomed to the use of the spade ; far better to give 
a digging navvy even 5s. per day with the understanding that he is to do just as he is told. 
'’piaTiting a tree, particularly all kind of fruits, is very much like putting in the foundation of a 
house ; if it is not done well, every time you look at either your own or your neighhours’, thoughts 
come to you and annoy you. If the sihiation is low, be sure it is well drained two or three feet below 
the roots of the trees ; if this is neglected, stunted growth and parasito-moss-bound trees are sure to be 
the result. To have trees do well, trench and break up the soil deeply, and do it so that the strata of 
soil is left almost as exactly as when you began to move it ; afterwards keep the surface free from 
weeds, and as many fowls as you like may be allowed to run about beneath the trees. I know several 
orchards that were unfruitful until this was adopted. As the insects fall the fowls eat them, and also 
secure them when ascending the stems. If you have choice of aspect for orchards, choose liigh ground 
sloping south-east, so that the first peep of the morning sun commences gently to dispel the icy dew 
which occasionally occurs in early spring when the fruit trusses are in flower, and so save pollen on 
the stamens and preserve the pistil. 
It is almost a set rule that if an impoitant root becomes injured or mutilated in the lea.st 
by the tine of a fork going through, to cut it off, making a clean cut (this is thought to bo so 
important) right up to the hard wood, and often a tree when placed on its bed to be planted has 
little else but three or four stem-like prongs. This cutting is entirely wrong ; instead, lay the 
poor injured root — as a doctor would a poor man’s leg broken in two places — with the greatest care, 
for if the parts only hang together with a bit of skin or bark they will soon heal ami grow and 
become an important advantage ; therefore don’t cut the poor root. Doctors have discontinued using 
the knife to a surprising extent compared with what they formerly did, only resorting to it when a fidl 
sense of understanding makes it necessary to sever the part, and never otherwise. 
Next and most important is never to crave for rank, vigorous trees ; those with moderate growth, 
with what are called spurs, showing fruU buds, planted in soil rather better than what the trees 
have been grown in, are certainly much to lie preferred for many reasons. 
It is not often noVv-a-days, from the stock we graft on, particularly Apples, that fruit trees fail to 
be fruitful from too luxuriant growth ; if so, sever the roots a reasonably short distance from the stem, 
half way round, and do the other half the following autumn ; this in a good deep soil generally brings 
about a beneficial result. 
Northern people, say that southern grown trees never do well in their climate ; but seeing that 
the Canadiatis send us such an abundance of fine rosy-cheeked Apple.s, where the tem[)eralure is 
often 26‘, .30’, and even 40° below zero, whatever difference can a few degrees here make on our trees 
after months of growth? I much question if trees ever feel the difference when in a dormant state. 
The larger the fruit is the better it sells, cooks like it better, and the more we are proud of it ; 
therefore the better the ground is prepared so will the size of the fruit bo accordingly. When trees crop 
well feed them well, and the more you do so the better they pay. 
Eat one, tw’o, or three apples every daj and you will not complain much about your liver and other 
ills as is usually the case. 
Of course after reading the above there will be those w'ho will differ, and to those I will point out 
one subject connected with gardening that most have seen and will remember. Are Kaspberries as a 
rule planted at their pioper time? I fear not. As late as November they are laid in bundles, soil 
thrown over the roots and left; probably in a month .some will be wanted, then the surprise is what a 
quantity of white roots they have made ; but no one laments they were not planted in their proper 
place at first and so derived the full value and advantage of these early roots to strengthen them and 
the crop the following year. These repeatedly injured and weakened plants arc sometimes nearly half 
killeii by the time they get into their iiermanent places, and when June comes the complaint is that 
they take so long to get into good bearing condition ; consequently I maintain that the white fibrous 
roots must convince everyone that early planting is an invaluable secret in the successful removal 
of trees. 
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