PLANTS THAT ARE CARRIED BY ANIMALS. 67 
birds in summer and autumn eat bushels of blueberries, 
huckleberries, elderberries, raspberries, strawberries, and 
similar fruits, and distribute their unharmed seeds over 
thousands of acres, which otherwise might never support 
a growth of these species. 
The downy woodpecker, among other things, devours 
berries of three kinds of dogwood, Virginia creeper, service 
berry, strawberry, pokeberry, poison ivy, poison sumac, 
stag-horn sumac, and blue beech. 
The hairy woodpecker devours many of the above fruits, 
as well as those of spicebush, sour gum, cherries, grapes, 
blackberries. The flicker devours most of the fruits listed 
for the two woodpeckers named above, also hackberry, 
black alder, green brier, bayberries. A number of other 
woodpeckers possess habits much the same as the three 
above named. The cedar bird devours many species of 
hard-seeded fruits. 
The various shades of red appear to good advantage 
among green leaves. As illustrations of such, we have 
the wintergreen, partridge berry, bush cranberry, bearberry, 
service berry, currant, holly, strawberry, red-berried elder, 
winter berry, honeysuckle, and many more. Where the 
leaves are liable to become red in autumn the berries are 
often blue. Of such, notice wild grapes, blueberries, and 
berries of sassafras, though the flowering dogwood has red 
leaves as well as red berries. 
There is a reason for prickles on rosebushes. When 
ripe, rosehips are usually red or yellow, and thus attract 
