PLANTS THAT ARE CARRIED BY ANIMALS. 76 
especially if some animal touch the hooks. To help in 
holding fast to animals, there are a number of slender 
hairs farther down the stile, which are liable to become 
more or less entangled in the animal’s hair, fur, wool, or 
feathers. Even in the small number of plants here noticed, 
we have seen that scarcely any two of 
them agree in the details of their devices 
for securing transportation of seeds. I 
know of nothing else like the Geum we 
are now considering. When young and 
green, the tip of each hook is securely 
protected by a knob or bunch, with a 
little arm extending above, which effect- 
ually prevents the hook from catching 
on to anything; but, wdien the fruit is 
ripe, the projecting knob with its little 
attachment disappears. The fig- 1/ 
ures make further description mi l. 
from cutting into the ground W 
while going to or from the field, fig. sg. — T he i»stei of Avens in 
00 7 three stages of its growth. 
the farmer often places a wooden 
block, or “ shoe,” over the point and below the plow. 
Sometimes we have known persons to place knobs of 
brass or wood on the tips of the sharp horns of some of 
their most active or vicious cattle, to prevent them from 
hooking their associates or the persons having them in 
charge. Nature furnishes the points of the young fruits 
unnecessary. To keep the plo 
