Chap. XVI. SEASONAL CHANGES OF PLUMAGE. 
217 
the species, the sexes of which are alike during both 
the summer and winter, the young may resemble 
the adults, firstly, in their winter dress ; secondly, 
which occurs much more rarely, in their summer 
dress ; thirdly, they may be intermediate between 
these two states ; and, fourthly, they may differ greatly 
from the adults at all seasons. We have an instance 
of the first of these four cases in one of the egrets 
of India (Bujohus coromandus), in which the young and 
the adults of both sexes are white during the winter, 
the adults becoming golden-buff during the summer. 
With tlie Gaper {Anastomus oscitans) of India we 
have a similar case, but the colours are reversed; 
for the young and the adults of both sexes are grey 
and black during the winter, the adults becoming white 
during the summer.^^ As an instance of the second 
case, the young of the razor-bill {Aha tor da, Linn.), 
in an early state of plumage, are coloured like the 
adults during the summer; and the young of the 
white-crowned sparrow of North America {Fringilla 
leuGo^hrys)^ as soon as fledged, have elegant white 
stripes on their heads, which are lost by the young and 
the old during the winter.^^ With respect to the third 
case, namely, that of the young having an intermediate 
character between the summer and winter adult plum- 
ages, Yarrell^^ insists that this occurs with many 
Audubon, ‘Ornith. Biography,’ vol. i. p. 172. For the Maluri, Gould’s 
^ Handbook of the Birds of Australia,’ vol. i. p. 318. 
I am indebted to Mr. Blyth for information in regard to the 
Buphus; see also Jerdon, ‘Birds of India,’ vol. iii. p. 749. On the 
Anastomus, see Blyth, in ‘ Ibis,’ 1867, p. 173. 
On the Alca, see Macgillivray, ‘ Hist. Brit. Birds,’ vol. v. p. 347. 
On the Fringilla leucoplirys, Audubon, ibid. vol. ii. p. 89. I shall have 
hereafter to refer to the young of certain herons and egrets being 
white. 
‘ History of British Birds,’ vol. i. 1839, p. 159. 
