Chap. XVII. 
LAW OF BATTLE. 
245 
of some other species of deer either normally or occa- 
sionally exhibit rudiments of horns ; thus the female of 
Cervulus moschatus has bristly tufts, endiug in a knob, 
instead of a horn ; ’’ and in most specimens of the 
female Wapiti (Gervus Canadensis) there is a sharp 
bony protuberance in the place of the horn.” From 
4hese several considerations we may conclude that the 
possession of fairly well-developed horns by the female 
.reindeer, is due to the males having first acquired .them 
as weapons for fighting with other males; and secondarily 
to their development from some unknown cause at an 
unusually early age in the males, and their consequent 
transmission to both sexes. 
Turning to the sheath-horned ruminants : with ante- 
lopes a graduated series can be formed, beginning with 
the species, the females of which are completely desti- 
tute of horns —passing to those which have horns so 
small as to be almost rudimentary, as in Antilocapra 
Americana — to those which have fairly well-developed 
horns, but manifestly smaller and thinner than in the 
male, and sometimes of a different shape, and ending 
with those in which both sexes have horns of equal size. 
As with the reindeer, so with antelopes there exists a 
relation between the period of the development of the 
horns and their transmission to one or both sexes; it 
similarly transferred to the female ; thus Mr. Boner, in speaking of an 
old female chamois (‘Chamois Hunting in the Mountains of Bavaria,’ 
1860, 2nd edit. p. 363), says, “ not only was the head very male-look- 
ing, hut along the back there was a ridge of long hair, usually to be 
found only in bucks.” 
On the Cervulus, Dr. Gray, ‘ Catalogue of the Mammalia in 
British Museum,’ part iii. p. 220. On the Cervus Canadensis or Wapiti 
see Hon. J. D. Caton, ‘ Ottawa Acad, of Nat. Sciences,’ May, 1868, 
p. 9. 
For instance the horns of the female Ant. Euchore resemble those 
of a distinct species, viz. the Ant. Dorcas var. Corine^ see Desmarest, 
Mammalogie,’ p. 455. 
