Explanation of Plates V-VI 
Plate V 
1. The Linnean type of Lichen fraxineus at London (slightly reduced). 
2. The Nylander type of Ramalina subfraxinea f. firmior at Helsingfors 
(nat. size). 
3. The Crombie type of Ramalina fraxinea var. ampliata. f. monophylla 
at London (nat. size). 
4. Acharian material of Ramalina fraxinea var. ampliata at London (slightly 
reduced). 
5. The Nylander type of Ramalina fraxinea var. calicariformis at Helsing- 
fors (slightly reduced). 
6. The Nylander type of Ramalina polycarpa at Helsingfors (slightly re- 
duced). 
Plate VI 
1. Ramalina Menziesii, typical material determined by Tuckerman (nat. 
size). 
2. The Noedhen type of Lichen reticulatus at London (slightly reduced). 
3. The Nylander type of Ramalina sorediantha at Helsingfors (slightly 
reduced). 
4. The Swartz type of Lichen linearis at Stockholm (nat. size). 
5. The Taylor type of Ramalina canaliculata at Kew (F* nat. size). 
PHOTOGRAPHING MOSSES. II 
By A. J. Grout 
Somewhat more than a year ago I printed some photographs of mosses 
and a few notes on making such photographs. Since then I have exposed some 
hundreds of plates and have succeeded in showing differences between related 
species that most drawings and descriptions fail to express in an equally satis- 
factory manner. 
Before the next number of The Bryologist is received the Funarias will 
be maturing their spores, so I am presenting some photographs of three of our 
species, the only ones likely to be met with. 
In the photographs of F. hygrometrica the beginner in bryology should 
note the young sporophytes, several just starting and one or two fairly well 
developed, yet with the capsule and calyptra still symmetrical or nearly so. 
(Plate III and Fig. 1, Plate IV.) Note that the enlarged photograph, Plate III, 
is of the same plants as those shown in the smaller photograph, Fig. 1, Plate IV, 
and observe how much detail is added by the enlargement. 
In the photograph of the capsules of the three species, note that the dry and 
empty capsules of F. Americana look more like those of Amblystegium than Fun- 
aria. Of course, the fresh, plump capsules are more Funaria-like, but such 
were not accessible. 
