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Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. 
Synonymy: Lichen fraxineus Linn. Spec. Plant. 2 : 1146. 1753. 
Ramalina fraxinea Ach. Lich. Univ. 602. 1810. 
Type: In the Linnean herbarium, Burlington House, London, fide author. 
Type locality: “Europae.” 
Original description: “foliaceus erectus oblongus lanceolatus sub- 
laciniatus lacunosus glaber, scutellis subpedunculatis.” 1. c. 
Figure: Hoffm. PI. Lich. PL 18: figs. 1-2. 1790. 
Diagnosis: Thallus caespitose, compressed, expanded, coriaceous, rugose, 
apothecia large, lateral. Spores curved. 
Description: Thallus caespitose (max. length 4 cm.) coriaceous, stram- 
ineous to virescent; cortex rugose; laciniae compressed, laciniate (max. width 9 
mm.), apices obtuse. Apothecia common, large, lateral and marginal, concave, 
applanate or convex, at length lacerate, marginate (max. diam. 16 mm.), disk 
buff. Spores ellipsoid, curved (rarely a few substraight), u- 
Contingent phases: (a) Small, costate, rugose, monophyllus, often pale 
beneath (= ? R. fraxinea var. ampliata f. monophylla Crombie, Grevillea 7 : 
141. 1879. Orig. desc.: “Thallus simple, very broad, oblong-rotundate, 
subreticulately costate-rugose. ”) 
Substratum: On trees. 
Distribution: Uncommon in the Transition Zone of the Central and West- 
ern States. Its exact range is still problematical. 
Stations: Illinois: Canton. Minnesota: South Haven; Lake Melissa; 
Mankato; St. Cloud. Arizona: Tucson. California: Pajaro; Trinidad. 
Observations: This species, recorded erroneously from our area by many 
authors, is distinguished by its expanded laciniae, laterally scattered large apo- 
thecia, and curved spores. I have never observed it in an absolutely typical 
state from North America. The following more ample variety and a small, 
more or less monophyllous, phase are also rare. This species would be most 
easily confounded with the following, R. yemensis, from which it is distinguished 
by its larger apothecia, obtuse apices of the laciniae, and decidedly more cori- 
aceous thallus. The spores are also mostly straight in the latter species. 
Ramalina fraxinea var. ampliata Ach. 
Synonymy: Parmelia fraxinea y ampliata Ach. Meth. Lich. 259. 1803. 
Ramalina fraxinea 8 ampliata Ach. Lich. Univ. 603. 1810. 
Type: In the Acharian herbarium Universitetets Botaniska Institution, 
Helsingfors, fide Dr. Fred Elfving. Duplicate Acharian material in the her- 
barium of the Linnean Society, London, fide author. 
Type locality: Not given. 
Original description: “thalli laciniis amplissimis extrorsum latioribus 
margine plerumque fimbriatis.” 1. c. 
Figure: Dill, Hist. Muse. PI. 22, f. 59, C. 1741. 
Observations: I have seen but two specimens of this distinctly larger 
variety, sent me by Drs. H. E. Hasse and A. C. Herre from the Santa Monica 
