— is— 
Observations: This dark-colored variety is recognized by its expanded , 
lobate laciniae, lateral apothecia, and straight spores. As Mr. Merrill has said, 
it has been “commonly identified in this country as R. calicaris fraxinea Fr.,” 
but is at once distinguished from true fraxinea by its smaller size and straight 
spores. Nylander’s conception of his variety, judging from his type material, 
included also the narrower-lobed examples which are better referred to the lighter 
colored fastigiata (Pers.). Though Nylander did not attribute this species to 
our area both Mr. Merrill and the abbe Hue have recorded it from North America. 
Exsiccati: No. 223 , Lich. Boreali-Amer., Cummings, etc. Rock Creek, 
N. D. May 30, 1898. T. A. Williams & Ethel Snell, (called R. calicaris a. 
fraxinea Fr.) 
No. 291, Decades N. A. Lich., Cummings, etc. Same data as 
above. 
No. 12, Canadian Lichens, Macoun, fide Merrill. 
Ramalina canaliculata (Fr.) Herre. 
Synonymy: Ramalina calicaris c.. canaliculata Fries, Lich. Eur. reform. 30 
1831. 
1910. 
Ramalina canaliculata Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12 : 220. 
Fig. 2.— Distribution of Rama 
lina canaliculata. 
Ramalina calicaris c. canaliculata Fr., sensu Tuckerman. 
Ramalina calicaris of recent authors. 
Non Ramalina canaliculata Tavl. 
Type: Lich. Sueciae Exsic., No. 72. 1818. 
Type locality: “Sueciae.” 
Original description: “laciniis angustioribus, 
fructiferis canaliculatis, apotheciis ex apicibus re- 
flexis appendiculatis.” 1. c. 
Figure: Ach. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Nya Handl. 
Stockholm 20: PI. 9, f. 1. G-K. and Harm., Lich. 
Fr. PI. 12: f. 7. 1907. 
Diagnosis: Thallus caespitose, compressed, lin- 
ear, canaliculate, subrigid; apothecia subterminal, spurred; spores straight. 
Description: Thallus caespitose (max. length 5 cm.), subrigid, pale vires- 
cent to virescent; cortex glabrous, sublacunose; laciniae sublinear, compressed, 
canaliculate (max. width 2 mm.), dichotomous, patulous, apices attenuate, de- 
flexed. Apothecia common, mostly subterminal, spurred, marginate becoming 
immarginate, (max. diam. 3 mm.), disk buff. Spores ellipsoid, straight. 
Contingent phases: (a) Blackening. 
Substrata: Trees and shrubs. 
Distribution: Common in the Upper Transition and Boreal zones from 
New Brunswick to Minnesota south to Iowa, Ohio, and New Jersey. Eckfeldt 
records it from Labrador and Newfoundland, Drs. Hasse and Herre from Cali- 
fornia (spores curved, Herre), and Macoun from as far west as the Rocky Moun- 
tains. 
