— 6 — 
curved spores have never been found. It seems evident, then, that Ramalina 
fastigiata (Pers.) represents a large part of the material recently referred to R. 
calicaris (Hoffm.) Fr. ( sensu Nyl.) and R. calicaris (L.) Fr. ( sensu Wainio) as 
well as R. calicaris var. subfastigiata Nyl. ( sensu Nyl. and Merrill). 
Original description: “Cespitose ramosa: ramis sursum dilacatis fastigia- 
ds inermibus: scutellis subterminalibus.” 1. c. 
Figure: PL II, f. 2. 
Diagnosis: Phallus caespitose, compressed , laciniate, subrigid, apothecia 
scattered , spores straight. 
Description: Thallus caespitose (max. length 5 cm.) subrigid, pale vire- 
scent to virescent; cortex glabrous, sublacunose, subcanaliculate; rarely papillate, 
laciniae laciniate, compressed (max. width 4 mm.), dichotomous, apices attenuate. 
Apothecia common, marginal, lateral, or subterminal, concave at length convex, 
marginate or immarginate, (max. diam. 5 mm.), disk buff. Spores ellipsoid, straight. 
Contingent Phases: (a) Small, crowded, canaliculate, but not linear, 
apothecia terminal ( = R. calicaris var. subfastigiata Nyl.) Orig. Desc.: ‘‘Similis 
Ramalina fastigiatae (saepius breviori), sed sporae ellipsoideis rectis,” 1 . c. ( b ) 
Laciniate (alt. 6 cm.), ( = R. calicaris var. laciniata Harm.), but spores 
straight, (c) Laciniae longitudinally rugose ( •= R. fastigiata var. nervosa Nyl.), 
but spores straight. ( d ) Abraded, and blackening. 
Substrata: On trees, shrubs, old wood and rarely rocks. 
Distribution: Common in the Upper Austral and Transition zones, replaced 
largely in the lower Boreal by the following species. Its range extends from 
Maine to Alberta and from Florida to Mexico and California. Macoun reports 
it also from British Columbia. 
Stations: Ontario: Belleville; Algonquin Park; Edmonton; Brighton. 
Maine: Camden; Scarboro; Westbrook; Ambejejus Lake; Orono; West Pem- 
broke; Cumberland. New Hampshire: Gilford; Rye; Fitzwilliam; Peterboro; 
Mt. Monadnock; Hanover; Jackson; Clinton Mt.; Ossipee; Franconia; Chat- 
barn; Warren Hollis. Vermont: Mt. Ascutney; Brandon; Charlotte; Col- 
chester; Mt. Mansfield. Massachusetts: Berkshire; Duxbury; Concord; 
Ipswich; Mattapoisett; Kingston; Nonquitt; Townsend; Ashby; Littleton; 
Scituate; Bedford; Natick; Wellesley; New Bedford; Waltham. Rhode Is- 
land: Bristol. Connecticut: Central Village; South Canterbury; Stofford. 
New York: Fisher’s Island; Mt. Meenahga; Chilson Lake; Canadaigua; East 
Galway. New Jersey: Alco; Cloister; Newfield. Pennsylvania: Haver- 
ford; Paoli; Philadelphia. Maryland: Cabin John. North Carolina: Mar- 
shall. South Carolina: Santee. Florida: Jacksonville. Louisiana: St. 
Martinsville. Ohio: Cincinnati. Illinois: Canton; White Heath. Iowa: 
Fayette. Michigan: Mackinac Island. Minnesota: Red Lake; South Haven; 
Beaver Bay; Auburndale. Alberta: Kananaskis. Nova Scotia: Truro. 
Quebec: Montmorency. Mexico: Cuzamaboga. 
Observations: This exceedingly variable straight- spored species is not 
easily determined except by means of elimination. The boreal, delicate, linear, 
canaliculate plants must be referred to R. canaliculata (Fr.) Herre; the broad- 
lobed forms with only lateral apothecia to subampliata; all others belong to the 
species. That they all intergrade and represent one species is undoubted, but 
