— 4 — 
Eckfeldt. The “fistulosus vel subfistulosus ” characterization of the pusillae 
group has been except for a few species an uncertain distinction which I am 
modifying here. It is difficult to 6rant for intermedia more than subspecific 
rank, and the plants seem to be explained as abraded, erose, generally saxi- 
colous states of farinacea. It seems to the author that lichenologists have failed 
sufficiently to credit lichens with stages of arrested growth during development, 
and that we find names given to undoubted intermediate* conditions. Half 
grown or abortive specimens, for example, are given the name minutula, and yet 
all realize the slow growth of lichens, and must recognize that they have innum- 
erable stages of development entirely undeserving of name. The abbe Har- 
mand recognizes this Acharian form minutula, saying: “C’est l’espece a l’estat 
jeune ou arretee pas une cause quelconque dans son developpment.” Perhaps it 
is not, that he stopped in his collecting to gather specimens only partially grown, 
as he suggests. Would we give a half-grown oak any further title than im- 
mature, or one that was dwarfed in development, a varietal name? The variety 
pendula he recognizes is only the opposite extreme. R. intermedia as originally 
described was a saxicolous rather than a corticolous plant. 
I am listing below plants referable here, and not including them with the 
former species: 
Exsiccati: No. 179, Lich. Boreali-Amer., Cummings, etc. “Weston, Mass.” 
April 22, 1891. C. E. Cummings, (called R. pollinariella Nyl.) 
No. 91, Lich. Exsic., Merrill. “Rockland, Maine.” July 11, 1909. G. K. 
Merrill. 
No. 152, Decades N. A. Lich., Cummings. Dell Rapids, S. D. Sept., 
1894. T. A. Williams, (called R. pollinariella.) 
Stations: Maine: Rockland. New Hampshire: Franklin; Hinsdale; 
Gilford; Fitzwilliam; Peterboro. Vermont: Charlotte; Brandon. Massa- 
chusetts: East Gloucester; New Bedford; Concord; Scituate; Weston; Non- 
quitt; Lynn. Rhode Island: Middletown. Connecticut: South Canter- 
bury; Mt. Carmel. New York: Fisher’s Island; Ellenville. New Jersey: 
Cloister. Pennsylvania: Coopersburg. North Carolina: Crowder’s Mt. 
Tennessee: Lookout Mt. Virginia: Bald Knob. Louisiana: Pt. a la 
Hache. Alberta: Lake Athabasca. Minnesota: Grant’s Falls; Beaver Bay; 
Taylor’s Falls. Iowa: Clayton Co., Boone Co. Ontario: Thunder Bay; 
Nipigon; Porphyry Island. Quebec: Oka.; St. Anne des Monts. Labrador: 
L’Anse au Clair. Newfoundland: Exploits; Sable Island. 
Ramalina populina (Hoffm.) Wain. 
Synonymy: Lichen populinus Ehrh. Crypt. Exsic. 276. 1785-93. Nomen 
nudum. 
Lobaria populina Hoffm. FI. Deutsch. 3 : 140. 1795. 
Ramalina populina Wain. Nat. Syn. Lich. 2.1. 1886. 
Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., sensu Nylander. 
*See Olivier, Ramalina pollinaria var. intermedians. 
