The specimens from which the above description was drawn are very in- 
complete. They show no signs of antheridial inflorescences and include but a 
single rudimentary perianth. In spite of these facts it seems justifiable to pub- 
lish the species on account of its peculiar underleaves. These are exceedingly 
variable. In some cases they are so minute and so short-lived that they can 
scarcely be demonstrated at all. In other cases they are much larger and equal 
the leaves in firmness and persistency. The persistent underleaves, in turn, 
show all gradations between slender filiform structures and broad plates of cells, 
lanceolate to ovate in form and acuminate to rounded at the apex. In most 
cases these large underleaves are attached independently to the stem, but in ex- 
ceptional cases an underleaf may be more or less coalescent with a side leaf. 
Another interesting feature of the species is the occasional approximation of 
the side leaves in pairs, so that on the dorsal surface of the stem their lines of 
attachment almost meet. The majority of the leaves, however, are clearly 
alternate. 
The new species is closely related to J. autumnalis (DC.) Steph., which is 
exceedingly common in eastern North America on shaded rocks, rotten logs, and 
soil rich in humus. In J. autumnalis the leaf-cells agree in size and in structure 
with those of J. heterostipa, while the perichaetial bracts and the mouth of the 
perianth are essentially the same in the two species. In J. autumnalis , how- 
ever, the plants are a little less robust, and the underleaves, although somewhat 
variable, are always small and do not show the great diversity in form found in 
the new species. The possibility of course remains that the divergent char- 
acters of J. heterostipa may be caused by its unusual habitat and that it may 
represent an aberrant form of J. autumnalis; but in the absence of proof to this 
effect the plant from Nova Scotia ought surely to be recognized as distinct. 
The generic position of Jungermannia autumnalis DC. is far from estab- 
lished. Stephani transferred it to Jamesoniella, apparently on account of its 
toothed or lacerate perichaetial bracts, bracteole, and perianth. It occupies an 
anomalous position in this genus, however, on account of its general habit, its 
branches of the Frullania type, its cell-structure, and its distinct underleaves. 
In typical members of Jamesoniella the plants tend to be erect and the leaves 
to be erect and appressed; the branches seem to be invariably ventral and inter- 
calary; the leaf-cells have large and nodulose trigones; and the underleaves of 
the stem are very rudimentary. Of course the large underleaves of J. hetero- 
stipa make it even more anomalous than J. autumnalis. Possibly the wisest 
course would be to make J. autumnalis the type of a new genus, as K. M filler 1 
has already suggested. 
2. Plagiochila Sullivantii Gottsche; Evans, Bot. Gazette 21 : 191. 1896 
(in part). P. allegheniensis Evans; Stephani, Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 3 : 334. 
1903. 
Collected in a canon at Tallulah Falls, Georgia, by J. K. Small, in April, 
1893 (No. 9314). Hitherto known from only two localities: Virginia, without 
1 Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora 6: 578. 1910. 
