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Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. ( Amblystegium irriguum, Bryol. 
Eur.) 
Mnium affine var. rugicum (Laur.) Bryol. Eur. 
Philonotis fontana [L.] Brid.* 
Philonotis Muhlenbergii (Schwaeg.) Brid.* 
In addition to the various associations mentioned above there are a number 
of ecological plant groups which, by reason of man’s activities, have replaced 
the natural vegetation over a large part of the district. Such vegetation is 
ecologically termed “secondary.” The main secondary vegetational groups, 
as far as their mosses have been noted, are as follows: 
II. Roadside-bank Formation. 
This formation is the one covering the clay roadside banks where not too 
much exposed to the sun. The Horned Liverwort, Anthoceros laevis L., is quite 
common in this habitat, together with the following mosses: 
Catharinaea undulata [L.] W. & M.* 
Catharinaea undulata var. allegheniensis Jenn. 
Pogonatum pennsylvanicum (Hedw.) Paris. (P. brevicaule Beauv.)* 
12. Bryum argenteum Association. 
On paths and old camp sites on the modern flood-plains where recent use 
has kept down the grass and other herbaceous vegetation the most conspicuous 
vegetation is the moss vegetation, dominated usually by the Silvery Bryum. 
Bryum argenteum (L.) Hedw.* 
Dicranella heteromalla [Dill.] Schimp. 
Funaria hygrometrica [L.] Hedw. 
Physcomitrium turbinatum (Rich.) C. M. 
13. Cultivated Field Formation. 
So far as the present list of mosses is concerned this formation refers mainly 
to cultivated fields on the pre-glacial flood-plains and slopes at an altitude of 
one thousand feet or more. Meadows, pastures, and various other fields where 
cultivation has been more or less recent are, for sake of convenience, grouped 
together under this head. The moss flora here differs but little from that of the 
preceding group. 
Dicranella heteromalla [Dill.] Schimp.* 
Funaria hygrometrica [L.] Hedw. 
Physcomitrium turbinatum (Rich.) C. M. 
14. Meadow-Pasture Formation on the Recent Sandy Flood-plains. 
This group differs from the preceding in that it occupies the sandy flood- 
plains along the larger streams and rivers at an altitude of about 750-800 feet. 
Ceratodon purpurascens (Hedw.) Jenn. 
Dicranella heteromalla [Dill.] Schimp. 
Physcomitrium turbinatum (Rich.) C. M. 
Weber a Lescuriana (Sull.) Jaeg. 
