69 
HALL 71. 
PETROLEUM AND ITS DERIVATIVES. 
This hall contains the very complete collection made by the 
Standard Oil Company to illustrate modes of occurrence in 
nature of the mineral oils of the United States, the methods used 
for distilling and refining them and the products obtained. It 
contains a specimen of crude oil from every pool in the United 
States; specimens of various oil bearing sands and minerals of the 
oil strata; models of oil refineries and a complete series of the 
products of petroleum. Being so complete in all its details, it is 
believed that it will be found well worthy of careful study. By 
following the order given below, the visitor will find illustrated: 
(i), the natural history of petroleum; (2), its manufactured products, 
and (3), the uses or applications of these. 
Cases I9 2, 3 and 4. — Crude petroleum, one specimen 
from every pool in the United States. The States represented 
are Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Colo- 
rado, Wyoming and California. 
The specimens are arranged to show gradations of color, this 
being seen to vary from black, through shades of dark green and 
brown, to amber, the greenish brown being most common. The 
light colored oils, though more attractive in appearance, do not 
have the value for economic purposes, of the black, thick oils. 
East Wall. — ^Tubes filled with drillings from the successive 
strata passed through in search for oil. One of these represents a 
huge producer in the MacDonald field. A piece of the sandstone 
from which the oil was obtained is placed at the bottom. 
West Wall. — Chart showing a geological section between 
Olean, N. Y., and Fort Wayne, Ind. Note the position of the oil 
bearing sands in these and the comparatively undisturbed con- 
dition of the strata. Such conditions have been favorable to the 
storage of vast quantities of petroleum and gas. 
Cases 3 and 6. — Specimens of oil bearing rocks from a 
large number of localities. Besides sands will be seen limestones 
and sandstones, which show that compact rocks bear petroleum 
as well as loose sands. 
