70 
Case 7 •—Minerals and fossils of the oil bearing strata. 
Case 8. — A large bottle — the largest ever blown — represent- 
ing one barrel of petroleum. This is about the amount produced 
in the United States every two-thirds of a second of the year, day 
and night. 
Cases 9, lO and 11. — The products of the barrel of petro- 
leum represented in Case 8, arranged according to the order in 
which they are obtained. These are (i), naphtha; (2), burning 
oils, and (3) residuum or petroleum tar. The processes and pro- 
ducts of further distillation of the latter will also be seen. 
Case 12. — Model of a modern oil refinery. The crude oil 
from the pipe lines is received in storage tank No. 1 , and pumped 
from this tank to the crude oil still No. 2, where it is gradually 
heated until the naphtha and burning oils are driven off by dis- 
tillation and passing through the condenser and receiving house 
are collected in tanks 3, 4 and 5. The burning oil distillates are 
pumped to the large agitator where they undergo chemical treat- 
ment to render them fit for consumption. The crude naphtha is 
then redistilled in naphtha still No. 3, giving the various grades 
of gasolines and naphthas. The tar left after the first distillation 
is transferred to the tar still No. 6, where it is separated into light 
paraffine oil, heavy paraffine oil and still coke which remains in 
the still. The light distillate is used for fuel oil. The heavy oil is 
sent to the paraffine wax press house, where it is chilled and 
pressed to remove the paraffine oil, leaving the wax. The coke 
remaining in the still as a final residue is used for the manufac- 
ture of electric light and battery carbons. The reduced oil still is 
used for the production of lubricating oils. 
Above this model will be seen one of the original refinery, 
built in Cleveland, O., in 1863. 
The cases following show various finished products ready for 
sale, these being chiefly illuminating and lubricating oils with, 
however, a large variety of other useful articles. 
Cases 13 and 14. — Fifty-six varieties of high-priced and 
low-priced burning oils, showing the standards of each required 
by the laws of different States. 
Case 15. — Cylinder oils of different grades. These are the 
heavier, more sluggish lubricating oils. 
