18 
Flowering under ordinary circumstances only once from the 
same root, but it may pass into a second year of growth. Stem 
strongly streaked, to about three feet high, unless exceptionally 
taller; its upper portion as well as the branches somewhat webby - 
lanuginous. Leaves stiff, bright-green, scantily lanuginous or 
glabrescent and slightly viscidulous papillular, prominently venular, 
the lowest stalked and often pinuatilobed, their end lobe much 
the largest ; the upper leaves gradually smaller, clasping, produc- 
ing short narrow spinular lobes, pungent-pointed, some of the 
lobes reduced to denticles. Headlets of flowers large, solitary, 
surrounded by floral leaves. Involucral bracts spacious, the outer 
upwards of leafy texture and colour, to some extent webby- 
lanuginous, from a broad base narrow or linear lanceolar, spinular- 
lobed or denticulated, the innermost narrower, nearly or quite 
entire and somewhat scarious. Receptacle copiously beset with 
setular-linear smooth bracts. Flowers numerous on each recep- 
tacle and within each involucre, uniform, unless some few of the 
outer sterile and devoid of a pappus. Corollas intensely yellow, 
more deeply so in age, towards the summit marked by dark 
longitudinal stripes, their tube thinly filiform, suddenly widening 
near the five linear lobes, its base orbicularly dilated. Filaments 
of the stamens near the upper end barbellate ; anthers connate, 
sagittate-linear. Style capillulary, glabrous ; stigmas thinly 
semicylindric, except at the summit connate. Fruits seed-like, 
glabrous, almost semiovate, distinctly quadrangular, distinctly 
wrinkled, their basal attenuation somewhat oblique, outside pale 
or turning light-brownish. Pappus finally light-brownish, its 
outer sealelets very much shortened and partly truncate-bluntened, 
the inner gradually much longer and pointed, some exceeding 
twice the length of the fruit, all broadish-linear and minutely 
ciliolated. 
Explanation of Plate VIII. 
Flowering branch with its leaves, natural size. 
1. Longitudinal section of a headlet of flowers, slightly 
enlarged. 
2. A separate corolla, showing also stigmas. 
3. A corolla laid open, the summit removed, the stamens also 
exhibited. 
4. A separate anther with upper part of filament. 
5. Style and stigma. 
6. Side-view of a fruit with its pappus. 
7. Top-view of a fruit with its pappus. 
8. Sealelets of pappus. 
9. Transverse section of a fruit, showing also the cotyledons. 
10. Embryo, showing cotyledons and radicle. 
2-10. Enlarged, but to various extent. 
