4 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
PmESIClAN 
VoTAGE*. 
taded ag fa Egypt, 1 then to Syrtis, and, establishing colonies everywhere on their 
they arrived at the Pillars of Hercules. At this point there opened before them the 
at ocean. The Phoenicians are believed to have recognised in the Atlantic an ocean 
similar to the Erythraean Sea, and to have conceived the idea of a 
iter surrounding all lai From Grades and other settlements 
: rsof Hercuh a they braved the great ocean itself; they sailed along the 
v, , ,(, r ii coast of Africa, discovered the Canaries, and Humboldt considers it very probable 
! tli' y were acquainted with the Sargasso Sea, into which the} had been perhaps 
. v. i, by easterly winds. ' They extended their excursions towards the northern parts 
Vth ntic, and discovered the Cassiterides, 4 where they went in search of tin, of 
which i he x ■ rved the monopoly by*toncealing-its source from rival nations. In the 
u .. Geachichte der Erdkunde und de jen, Berlin, 1861, pp. 16 d seq. The fii-.it indications 
. f • > i niciniit in Hebrew literature, however, represent them at the time of Solomon as already making 
Tarshisb, which appears to answer to Tartessus in the south of Spain (see Dr Smith’s Dictionary of 
Biblical Antiquities, yol iiL, article “Tarshish,” by Twisleton, cited by Bunbury, op. cit., vol. i p. 5, note). That 
Tar-1 i-h-Tnrtes.-m, Turdetania (basin of Guadalquivir) is certain. 
. I- . t oni . Um believed that tbe word ocean was derived from a Tunic or Hebrew word signifying a circle or 
ir am fere i • ml that th< word ocean lias thus been preserved, a monument, as it were, to the discoveries of the 
,-ce Humboldt, op. cit., tom. i. p. 33; Ritter, op. cit., p. 21). This derivation has been wholly 
r. i a liatcd by modem philologists. ... 
, Humboldt, op. cit., tom. iii. p. 91 ; see also M. P. Merrifield on “Gulf-Weed,” Nature, vol. xvm. p. 708, 1878. 
qaseo is said to have been first applied to the gulf-weed by the sailors of Vasco da Gama on their return 
India . i 14to. It is said to be a Tortuguese name for water-cress (Nasturtium) (sec Linschoten, Hist. Orient., 
:t ji Kretschmer (op. • it., p. 165) and Kriimmel (Reisebeschreibung der Plankton-Expedition, p. 118) do not admit 
inted with tie Sargasso Sea. Columbus, they hold, was the first to visit that part of 
^ Y v g wet d l- frequently driven to the eastward of the westermost of the Azores (Corvo and Flores), 
and it i- altogethei that tl ■ PI ni ians were acquainted with the floating gulf-weed, although they may 
..... i „ the Sargasso Sea, properly so-called. The discovery of Carthaginian and Cyrenian coins 
\ .. — ia often cited as evidence that the Phoenicians had extended their voyages 
; ins wen in the hands of Johan Podolyn, evidently a member of the Gothenburg 
x. . Lit ransactions the description of the coins is published with figures. Podolyn 
, Florez, on visiting him in Madrid. The nine coins figured in the paper two 
, v> . : ... : i five Cai thaginian < ipper coins, two Cyrenian copper coins were selected by Florez, as the 
„ . .. ... |, .in 1. i quantity first vent to Lisbon and thence to Madrid to the Padre Florez. 
71 „ ... , ..i. m November 1749, after some days of westerly storms, been found on the coast of Corvo, in a black 
c v. -1, broken by the -torm. They were first sent to a convent on the island, and then some to Lisbon, 
; A l the i afire Florez in Madrid received them (Nagra Anmarkuingar om de Gamles Sjbfart, i 
. ■ rtha isisl chCyi ka Mynt, fondue ftr 1740, pften aide Acoriska Oarhe, ai fohan 1 odolj n ; 
|. IV, ten r. aj ocli Witteihets Samhallets Handlinger Wetenskaps Afdelningen, F first Stycket, 
. it; -. - . bit bad no doubt about the truth of these statements, and regrets that no full account 
•he \ i m which tbe coin.- were found. The positive statements about the discovery of Phoenician 
rtl .. ... i. ’ v Ci. ■ • m' rianfi (An'nlicijraphy, p. 19o),by Daniel Wilson (New AUant-is), and in the Encyclopaedia 
ed . all -' Tin t<> rest on thi* paper of Johan Podolyn. H. F. Walker (The Azores, 
, ,. ther, j i,,,; the slightest corroborative tradiliou among the inhabitants of Corvo, and discredits 
the whole *tory. GafTorel « . I us to think that the Phoenicians had even reached America, but this will not 
r f .. it. vtu i ,ny m <> than those more recent attempts to show that the Phoenicians had reached Central 
t rth of Au-f.lia and Fluster Maud in the Pacific (GalFarel, Compte Rendu da 1” Conyrds lies 
N in i, 1-7-N p. 93; Gaflhrel, Etude sur les rapports de FAmfirique et de l’Aucien Continent avaut C. 
• ; - . i s< i, p. im ; T. C. Johnston, Did the Phoenicians discover America? Oeogr. Soc. California, 1892). 
* i ), « . . 1 1 . . v n ither th Scilly Islands or the islands in Vigo Bay, on the north-west coast of Spurn (see 
C I. Ellon, Origin* of English History, ed. 2, London, 1890). 
