CONTENTS. 
FIRST PART. 
PAGK 
Preface, ........... xxxv 
Historical Introduction : — 
A. — The Science of Oceanography, ........ 1 
B. — Oceanographical Views of the Ancients, ....... 2 
C. — Oceanographical Views during the Dark Ages, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance, . 29 
D. — Progress of Oceanographical Knowledge, from the Voyage of Magellan to the Voyages of 
Cook, ........... 46 
E. — The Progress of Oceanography from the Time of Cook to the Challenger Expedition, . 68 
F. — The Explorations of the Challenger, and subsequent Expeditions, . . . .10.4 
General Summary of the Scientific Observations and Results at each of the 
Challenger Observing Stations, . . . . . . .107 
A. — Atlantic Ocean (outward voyage) : — 
Cape Finisterre to Lisbon. 
page 
Station I., . 
. 109 
Station In., . 
111 
„ Ia. to Ic., 
no 
Lisbon to Gibraltar. 
Stations II. and IIa., . 
Ill 
Station III., 
116 
„ IIb. to IIh., . 
115 
„ IV., . 
117 
,, IIj. andllK., 
116 
Gibraltar to Madeira. 
Station V., . 
. 119 
Station VIIa., 
124 
„ Va., . 
121 
„ VIIb. to Vllr., 
123 
VI., . 
. 121 
,, VIIg. to VII.i. 
125 
„ VII., . 
. 122 
Animals from Madeira, 
125 
